JavaParserTests.st
author Claus Gittinger <cg@exept.de>
Thu, 24 Nov 2011 12:53:34 +0100
changeset 2267 ee8926ac5ea2
parent 2152 1cbdfbcc685c
permissions -rw-r--r--
fixed: #version_SVN ($ to ยง)

"
 COPYRIGHT (c) 1996-2011 by Claus Gittinger
 COPYRIGHT (c) 2010-2011 by Jan Vrany, Jan Kurs and Marcel Hlopko
                            SWING Research Group, Czech Technical University in Prague

 Parts of the code written by Claus Gittinger are under following
 license:

 This software is furnished under a license and may be used
 only in accordance with the terms of that license and with the
 inclusion of the above copyright notice.   This software may not
 be provided or otherwise made available to, or used by, any
 other person.  No title to or ownership of the software is
 hereby transferred.

 Parts of the code written at SWING Reasearch Group [1] are MIT licensed:

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
 obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
 files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without
 restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
 copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
 conditions:

 The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
 OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
 NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
 HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
 WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
 OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

 [1] Code written at SWING Research Group contain a signature
     of one of the above copright owners.
"
"{ Package: 'stx:libjava' }"

JavaParserTestCase subclass:#JavaParserTests
	instanceVariableNames:''
	classVariableNames:''
	poolDictionaries:''
	category:'Languages-Java-Tests'
!

!JavaParserTests class methodsFor:'documentation'!

copyright
"
 COPYRIGHT (c) 1996-2011 by Claus Gittinger
 COPYRIGHT (c) 2010-2011 by Jan Vrany, Jan Kurs and Marcel Hlopko
                            SWING Research Group, Czech Technical University in Prague

 Parts of the code written by Claus Gittinger are under following
 license:

 This software is furnished under a license and may be used
 only in accordance with the terms of that license and with the
 inclusion of the above copyright notice.   This software may not
 be provided or otherwise made available to, or used by, any
 other person.  No title to or ownership of the software is
 hereby transferred.

 Parts of the code written at SWING Reasearch Group [1] are MIT licensed:

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
 obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
 files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without
 restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
 copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
 conditions:

 The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
 OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
 NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
 HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
 WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
 OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

 [1] Code written at SWING Research Group contain a signature
     of one of the above copright owners.

"
! !

!JavaParserTests methodsFor:'arguments'!

testMethodWithArgs
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod(Object o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithArgs2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod(Object o, Object o2)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithArgs3
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod(int i)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithArgs4
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod(int i, Object o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithArgs5
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod(final int i, Object o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithArgs6
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod(final int i, final Object o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithArgs7
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod(java.lang.Object o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithArgs8
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			public void fooMethod(int ... numbers)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithArgs9
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			public void fooMethod(Object<T> ... numbers)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithArrayArgs
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod(Object[] o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithArrayArgs2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod(int[] o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
! !

!JavaParserTests methodsFor:'classOrInterface'!

testClassWithComment
        ^ self assertParse: '
// this is one line comment
public class Object {
}
        '
!

testClassWithComment2
        ^ self assertParse: '
// this is one line comment
public class Object {
        // this is one line comment
}
'

    "Modified: / 29-12-2010 / 20:28:27 / Jan Kurs <kurs.jan@post.cz>"
!

testClassWithComment3
        ^ self assertParse: '
public class Object {
        // this is one line comment
}
'

    "Modified: / 29-12-2010 / 20:28:40 / Jan Kurs <kurs.jan@post.cz>"
!

testClassWithJavadoc
	^ self assertParse: '
		/** this is class javadoc */
		public class Foo {
			public void foo() {}
		}
	'
!

testClassWithJavadoc2
	^ self assertParse: '
/*
 * Possible end/of javadoc?
 */
public class Object {
}
	'
!

testClassWithStaticInitializer
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			int i = 0;
			
			static { 
				//cokoli
				int i = 0;
			}
			
			public void fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testClassWithStaticInitializer2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			static { 
				//cokoli
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testClassWithStaticInitializer3
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			public void fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
			static { 
				//cokoli
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testEmptyAbstractClass
	^ self assertParse: '
		public abstract class Foo {}
	'
!

testEmptyClass
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {}
	'
!

testEmptyStatement
	^ self
		assertParse:
			'
		public class Foo {
			;;;
		}
	'
!

testFinalClass
	^ self assertParse: '
		public final class Foo {
			public Foo fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testFoo
	self assert: true.
!

testGenericClass
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo<T> {
			public T fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testGenericClass2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo<T extends Foo> {
			public T fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testHeader
	^ self assertParse: '
		package a.b.c;
		
		import a.b.*;
		import c.d.*;
		
		public class Foo {
			public void foo() {}
		}
	'
!

testHeader2
	^ self assertParse: '
		package a.b.c;
		
		public class Foo {
			public void foo() {}
		}
	'
!

testHeader3
	^ self assertParse: '
		import a.b.c;
		
		public class Foo {
			public void foo() {}
		}
	'
!

testHeader4
	^ self assertParse: '
		/* some doc */
		package a.b;

		import a.b.c;

		public class Foo {
			public void foo() {}
		}
	'
!

testHeader5
	^ self assertParse: '
		/* some doc */
		package a.b;
		/* another doc */
		import a.b.c;
		/* ane another doc */
		/** class javadoc */
		public class Foo {
			public void foo() {}
		}
	'
!

testHeader6
	^ self assertParse: '
/*
 * simple doc
 */
public class Object {
}
	'
!

testHeader7
	^ self assertParse: '
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 */
public class Object {
}
	'
!

testInnerClass
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			private class A
			{
				public void foo() {}
			}
		
		}
	'
!

testInnerClass2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			private class A
			{
				public void foo() {}
			}
		}
	'
!

testInnerClass3
	^ self
		assertParse:
			'
		public class Foo {
			private class A
			{
				public void foo() {}
			}
			
			private int foo2() {int i = 9;}
		}
	'
!

testInnerClass4
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			public void foo() {}
			
			/** class javadoc */
			private class A
			{
				/* comment */
				public void foo() {}
			}
		
			/**
			 * javadoc */
			private int foo2() {int i = 9;}
			/**
			 * javadoc */
			private int foo2() {int i = 9;}
		}
	'
!

testInnerClass5
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			private class A
			{
				public void foo() {}
			}
			int i;
		}
	'
!

testInterface1
	^ self assertParse: '
public interface MyVisitor
{
}
	'
!

testInterface2
	^ self assertParse: '
public interface Visitor
{
	public void process(Circle c);
	public void process(Square s);
}
	'
!

testInterface3
	^ self assertParse: '
public interface MyVisitor extends Visitor
{
	public void foo();
}
	'
!

testInterface4
	^ self assertParse: '
public interface MyVisitor extends Visitor
{
	public void foo() {};
}
	'
!

testInterface5
	^ self assertParse: '
public class MyVisitor implements Visitor
{
	public void foo() {};
}
	'
!

testInterface6
	^ self assertParse: '
public class MyVisitor implements Visitor, Iterator<Foo>
{
	public void foo() {};
}
	'
!

testSubclass
	^ self assertParse: '
public class MyVisitor extends Visitor
{
	public void foo() {};
}
	'
!

testSubclass2
	^ self assertParse: '
public class MyVisitor extends ArrayList<Foo>
{
	public void foo() {};
}
	'
! !

!JavaParserTests methodsFor:'fields'!

testClassWithFields
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			int i = 0;
			
			public void fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testClassWithFields2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			int i = 0;
			private Object[] o = new Array[3];
			
			public void fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testClassWithFields3
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			public static int i = 0;
			
			public void fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
			private Object[] o = new Array[3];

			public void fooMethod2()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}

		}
	'
!

testClassWithFields4
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			private List<Foo> l = new ArrayList<Foo>();
		}
	'
! !

!JavaParserTests methodsFor:'methods'!

testAbstractMethod
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public abstract void fooMethod();
		}
	'
!

testAbstractMethod2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public abstract void fooMethod();
			public abstract void fooMethod2();
		}
	'
!

testAbstractMethod3
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			int i = 0;
			/** javadoc */
			public abstract void fooMethod();
			/* another javadoc */
			public abstract void fooMethod2();
			
			public void method() {int b = 3;}
		}
	'
!

testAnnotation
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		     @Override
			public void fooMethod() {};
		}
	'
!

testAnnotation2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {

			public @Interface void fooMethod() {};
		}
	'
!

testAnnotation3
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			@Test
			public @Interface void fooMethod() {};
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod10
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public java.lang.Object fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			};
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod11
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public java.util.Map<Foo, String> fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			};
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod12
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
    			public Constructor<?> getConstructors()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			};
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod13
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
    			public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			};
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod14
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
    			public Constructor[] getConstructors()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			}
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod15
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
    			public Constructor<Foo>[] getConstructors()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			};
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod16
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
    public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
        if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
            return (Class<? extends U>) this;
        else
            throw new ClassCastException(this.toString());
    }
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public Object fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			}
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod3
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public int fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			}
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod4
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public byte fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			}
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod5
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public boolean fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			}
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod6
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public float fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			}
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod7
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public double fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			}
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod8
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public double fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			};
		}
	'
!

testClassWithMethod9
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public List<Foo> fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
				return new Object();
			};
		}
	'
!

testConstructor
	^ self assertParse: '
public class MyVisitor
{
	public Myvisitor() {
		super();
	}
}
	'
!

testConstructor2
	^ self assertParse: '
public class MyVisitor
{
	/** this is constructor */
	protected Myvisitor() {
		super();
	}
}
	'
!

testConstructor3
	^ self assertParse: '
public class MyVisitor
{
	/** this is constructor */
	Myvisitor() {
		super();
	}
}
	'
!

testConstructor4
	^ self assertParse: '
public class MyVisitor
{
	/** this is constructor */
	private Myvisitor() {
		super();
	}
}
	'
!

testFinalMethod
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public final void fooMethod() {};
		}
	'
!

testFinalMethod2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			static final void fooMethod() {};
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithArrayRetval
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public Object[] fooMethod(Object[] o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithArrayRetval2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public int[] fooMethod(Object[] o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithComment
        ^ self assertParse: '
                public class Foo {
                        // Some comment
                        public void fooMethod()
                        {
                                int i = 0;
                        }
                }
    '

    "Modified: / 29-12-2010 / 20:29:01 / Jan Kurs <kurs.jan@post.cz>"
!

testMethodWithJavadoc
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			/**
			 * This is a javadoc, isnt it?
			 */		
			public void fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithJavadoc2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			/*
			 * This is not a javadoc, but it is before method, is it?
			 */		
			public void fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithJavadoc3
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			/** constant with javadoc */
			private static String MY_CONSTANT = "This is a constant";
		
			/*
			 * This is not a javadoc, but it is before method, is it?
			 */		
			public void fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithJavadoc4
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			/** constant with javadoc */
			private static String MY_CONSTANT = "This is a constant";
		
			/* random comment */
		
			/**
			 * This is not a javadoc, but it is before method, is it?
			 */		
			public void fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithJavadoc5
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			/** constant with javadoc */
			private static String MY_CONSTANT = "This is a constant";
		
			/* random comment */
			int i = 0;
			/* another random comment */
			
			/**
			 * This is not a javadoc, but it is before method, is it?
			 */		
			public void fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMethodWithJavadoc6
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
			/**
			 * Multiple Javadoc per methods :)
			 */	
			/**
			 * This is not a javadoc, but it is before method, is it?
			 */		
			public void fooMethod()
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMultipleMethods
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod(int i, Object o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}

			public void fooMethod2(Object o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMultipleMethods2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod(int i, Object o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			};

			public void fooMethod2(Object o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			}
		}
	'
!

testMultipleMethods3
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod(int i, Object o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			};

			public void fooMethod2(Object o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			};
		}
	'
!

testMultipleMethods4
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod(int i, Object o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			};

			int i = 9;

			public void fooMethod2(Object o)
			{
				int i = 0;
			};
		}
	'
!

testNativeMethod
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public native void wait();
		}
	'
!

testNativeMethod2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public native void wait(long millis);
		}
	'
!

testNativeMethod3
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			private static native Object wait(long millis);
		}
	'
!

testSynchronizedMethod
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public final synchronized void fooMethod() {};
		}
	'
!

testThrow
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod() throws MyException;
		}
	'
!

testThrow2
	^ self assertParse: '
		public class Foo {
		
			public void fooMethod() throws MyException, YourException;
		}
	'
! !

!JavaParserTests methodsFor:'realClasses'!

testJavaLangClass6
    | res time |
    time := Time millisecondsToRun: [
    res := self assertParse: '
/*
 * %W% %E%
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2006, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */

package java.lang;

import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
import java.lang.reflect.Member;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;
import sun.misc.Unsafe;
import sun.reflect.ConstantPool;
import sun.reflect.Reflection;
import sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory;
import sun.reflect.SignatureIterator;
import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;
import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;
import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;
import sun.reflect.generics.repository.MethodRepository;
import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ClassScope;
import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import sun.reflect.annotation.*;

/**
 * Instances of the class <code>Class</code> represent classes and
 * interfaces in a running Java application.  An enum is a kind of
 * class and an annotation is a kind of interface.  Every array also
 * belongs to a class that is reflected as a <code>Class</code> object
 * that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number
 * of dimensions.  The primitive Java types (<code>boolean</code>,
 * <code>byte</code>, <code>char</code>, <code>short</code>,
 * <code>int</code>, <code>long</code>, <code>float</code>, and
 * <code>double</code>), and the keyword <code>void</code> are also
 * represented as <code>Class</code> objects.
 *
 * <p> <code>Class</code> has no public constructor. Instead <code>Class</code>
 * objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes
 * are loaded and by calls to the <code>defineClass</code> method in the class
 * loader.
 *
 * <p> The following example uses a <code>Class</code> object to print the
 * class name of an object:
 *
 * <p> <blockquote><pre>
 *     void printClassName(Object obj) {
 *         System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
 *                            " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
 *     }
 * </pre></blockquote>
 * 
 * <p> It is also possible to get the <code>Class</code> object for a named
 * type (or for void) using a class literal 
 * (JLS Section <A HREF="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/second_edition/html/expressions.doc.html#251530">15.8.2</A>). 
 * For example:
 *
 * <p> <blockquote><pre>
 *     System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());
 * </pre></blockquote>
 *
 * @param <T> the type of the class modeled by this {@code Class}
 * object.  For example, the type of {@code String.class} is {@code
 * Class<String>}.  Use {@code Class<?>} if the class being modeled is
 * unknown.
 *
 * @author  unascribed
 * @version %I%, %G%
 * @see     java.lang.ClassLoader#defineClass(byte[], int, int)
 * @since   JDK1.0
 */
public final
    class Class<T> implements java.io.Serializable, 
                              java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration, 
                              java.lang.reflect.Type,
                              java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement {
    private static final int ANNOTATION= 0x00002000;
    private static final int ENUM      = 0x00004000;
    private static final int SYNTHETIC = 0x00001000;

    private static native void registerNatives();
    static {
        registerNatives();
    }

    /*
     * Constructor. Only the Java Virtual Machine creates Class
     * objects.
     */
    private Class() {}


    /**
     * Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the
     * string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the
     * fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by
     * <code>getName</code>.  If this <code>Class</code> object represents a
     * primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type.  If
     * this <code>Class</code> object represents void this method returns
     * "void".
     *
     * @return a string representation of this class object.
     */
    public String toString() {
        return (isInterface() ? "interface " : (isPrimitive() ? "" : "class "))
            + getName();
    }


    /**
     * Returns the <code>Class</code> object associated with the class or
     * interface with the given string name.  Invoking this method is
     * equivalent to:
     *
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *  Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * where <code>currentLoader</code> denotes the defining class loader of
     * the current class.
     *
     * <p> For example, the following code fragment returns the
     * runtime <code>Class</code> descriptor for the class named
     * <code>java.lang.Thread</code>:
     *
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *   Class&nbsp;t&nbsp;= Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * <p>
     * A call to <tt>forName("X")</tt> causes the class named 
     * <tt>X</tt> to be initialized.
     *
     * @param      className   the fully qualified name of the desired class.
     * @return     the <code>Class</code> object for the class with the
     *             specified name.
     * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *            by this method fails
     * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
     */
    public static Class<?> forName(String className) 
                throws ClassNotFoundException {
        return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
    }


    /**
     * Returns the <code>Class</code> object associated with the class or
     * interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
     * Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same
     * format returned by <code>getName</code>) this method attempts to
     * locate, load, and link the class or interface.  The specified class
     * loader is used to load the class or interface.  If the parameter
     * <code>loader</code> is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
     * class loader.  The class is initialized only if the
     * <code>initialize</code> parameter is <code>true</code> and if it has
     * not been initialized earlier.
     *
     * <p> If <code>name</code> denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt
     * will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose
     * name is <code>name</code>. Therefore, this method cannot be used to
     * obtain any of the <code>Class</code> objects representing primitive
     * types or void.
     *
     * <p> If <code>name</code> denotes an array class, the component type of
     * the array class is loaded but not initialized.
     *
     * <p> For example, in an instance method the expression:
     *
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *  Class.forName("Foo")
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * is equivalent to:
     *
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *  Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or
     * initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of <em>The
     * Java Language Specification</em>.
     * Note that this method does not check whether the requested class 
     * is accessible to its caller.
     *
     * <p> If the <code>loader</code> is <code>null</code>, and a security
     * manager is present, and the caller''s class loader is not null, then this
     * method calls the security manager''s <code>checkPermission</code> method
     * with a <code>RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")</code> permission to
     * ensure it''s ok to access the bootstrap class loader.
     *
     * @param name       fully qualified name of the desired class
     * @param initialize whether the class must be initialized
     * @param loader     class loader from which the class must be loaded
     * @return           class object representing the desired class
     * 
     * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *            by this method fails
     * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by
     *            the specified class loader
     *
     * @see       java.lang.Class#forName(String) 
     * @see       java.lang.ClassLoader
     * @since     1.2
     */
    public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize,
                                   ClassLoader loader)
        throws ClassNotFoundException
    {
        if (loader == null) {
            SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
            if (sm !!= null) {
                ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader();
                if (ccl !!= null) {
                    sm.checkPermission(
                        SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
                }
            }
        }
        return forName0(name, initialize, loader);
    }

    /** Called after security checks have been made. */
    private static native Class forName0(String name, boolean initialize,
                                            ClassLoader loader)
        throws ClassNotFoundException;

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this <tt>Class</tt>
     * object.  The class is instantiated as if by a <code>new</code>
     * expression with an empty argument list.  The class is initialized if it
     * has not already been initialized.
     *
     * <p>Note that this method propagates any exception thrown by the
     * nullary constructor, including a checked exception.  Use of
     * this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception
     * checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.
     * The {@link
     * java.lang.reflect.Constructor#newInstance(java.lang.Object...)
     * Constructor.newInstance} method avoids this problem by wrapping
     * any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) {@link
     * java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}.
     *
     * @return     a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this
     *             object.
     * @exception  IllegalAccessException  if the class or its nullary 
     *               constructor is not accessible.
     * @exception  InstantiationException 
     *               if this <code>Class</code> represents an abstract class,
     *               an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;
     *               or if the class has no nullary constructor;
     *               or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
     * @exception  ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization
     *               provoked by this method fails.
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)}</tt> denies
     *             creation of new instances of this class
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     */
    public T newInstance() 
        throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        if (System.getSecurityManager() !!= null) {
            checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        }
        return newInstance0();
    }

    private T newInstance0()
        throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        // NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under
        // the current Java memory model.

        // Constructor lookup
        if (cachedConstructor == null) {
            if (this == Class.class) {
                throw new IllegalAccessException(
                    "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
                );
            }
            try {
                Class[] empty = {};
                final Constructor<T> c = getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED);
                // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
                // since we have to do the security check here anyway
                // (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor''s
                // security check to work)
                java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
                    (new java.security.PrivilegedAction() {
                            public Object run() {
                                c.setAccessible(true);
                                return null;
                            }
                        });
                cachedConstructor = c;
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                throw new InstantiationException(getName());
            }
        }
        Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
        // Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor)
        int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers();
        if (!!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(this, modifiers)) {
            Class caller = Reflection.getCallerClass(3);
            if (newInstanceCallerCache !!= caller) {
                Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, null, modifiers);
                newInstanceCallerCache = caller;
            }
        }
        // Run constructor
        try {
            return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
            // Not reached
            return null;
        }
    }
    private volatile transient Constructor<T> cachedConstructor;
    private volatile transient Class       newInstanceCallerCache;


    /**
     * Determines if the specified <code>Object</code> is assignment-compatible
     * with the object represented by this <code>Class</code>.  This method is
     * the dynamic equivalent of the Java language <code>instanceof</code>
     * operator. The method returns <code>true</code> if the specified
     * <code>Object</code> argument is non-null and can be cast to the
     * reference type represented by this <code>Class</code> object without
     * raising a <code>ClassCastException.</code> It returns <code>false</code>
     * otherwise.
     *
     * <p> Specifically, if this <code>Class</code> object represents a
     * declared class, this method returns <code>true</code> if the specified
     * <code>Object</code> argument is an instance of the represented class (or
     * of any of its subclasses); it returns <code>false</code> otherwise. If
     * this <code>Class</code> object represents an array class, this method
     * returns <code>true</code> if the specified <code>Object</code> argument
     * can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity
     * conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns
     * <code>false</code> otherwise. If this <code>Class</code> object
     * represents an interface, this method returns <code>true</code> if the
     * class or any superclass of the specified <code>Object</code> argument
     * implements this interface; it returns <code>false</code> otherwise. If
     * this <code>Class</code> object represents a primitive type, this method
     * returns <code>false</code>.
     *
     * @param   obj the object to check
     * @return  true if <code>obj</code> is an instance of this class
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public native boolean isInstance(Object obj);


    /**
     * Determines if the class or interface represented by this
     * <code>Class</code> object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
     * superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
     * <code>Class</code> parameter. It returns <code>true</code> if so;
     * otherwise it returns <code>false</code>. If this <code>Class</code>
     * object represents a primitive type, this method returns
     * <code>true</code> if the specified <code>Class</code> parameter is
     * exactly this <code>Class</code> object; otherwise it returns
     * <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p> Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
     * specified <code>Class</code> parameter can be converted to the type
     * represented by this <code>Class</code> object via an identity conversion
     * or via a widening reference conversion. See <em>The Java Language
     * Specification</em>, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.
     * 
     * @param cls the <code>Class</code> object to be checked
     * @return the <code>boolean</code> value indicating whether objects of the
     * type <code>cls</code> can be assigned to objects of this class
     * @exception NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is
     *            null.
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public native boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls);


    /**
     * Determines if the specified <code>Class</code> object represents an
     * interface type.
     *
     * @return  <code>true</code> if this object represents an interface;
     *          <code>false</code> otherwise.
     */
    public native boolean isInterface();


    /**
     * Determines if this <code>Class</code> object represents an array class.
     *
     * @return  <code>true</code> if this object represents an array class;
     *          <code>false</code> otherwise.
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    public native boolean isArray();


    /**
     * Determines if the specified <code>Class</code> object represents a
     * primitive type.
     *
     * <p> There are nine predefined <code>Class</code> objects to represent
     * the eight primitive types and void.  These are created by the Java
     * Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that
     * they represent, namely <code>boolean</code>, <code>byte</code>,
     * <code>char</code>, <code>short</code>, <code>int</code>,
     * <code>long</code>, <code>float</code>, and <code>double</code>.
     *
     * <p> These objects may only be accessed via the following public static
     * final variables, and are the only <code>Class</code> objects for which
     * this method returns <code>true</code>.
     *
     * @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
     *
     * @see     java.lang.Boolean#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Character#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Byte#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Short#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Integer#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Long#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Float#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Double#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Void#TYPE
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public native boolean isPrimitive();

    /**
     * Returns true if this <tt>Class</tt> object represents an annotation
     * type.  Note that if this method returns true, {@link #isInterface()}
     * would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces.
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this class object represents an annotation
     *      type; <tt>false</tt> otherwise
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isAnnotation() {
        return (getModifiers() & ANNOTATION) !!= 0;
    }

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this class is a synthetic class;
     * returns <tt>false</tt> otherwise.
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if and only if this class is a synthetic class as
     *         defined by the Java Language Specification.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isSynthetic() {
        return (getModifiers() & SYNTHETIC) !!= 0;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the  name of the entity (class, interface, array class,
     * primitive type, or void) represented by this <tt>Class</tt> object,
     * as a <tt>String</tt>.
     * 
     * <p> If this class object represents a reference type that is not an
     * array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified
     * by the Java Language Specification, Second Edition.
     *
     * <p> If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the
     * name returned is a <tt>String</tt> equal to the Java language
     * keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void.
     * 
     * <p> If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal
     * form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by
     * one or more ''<tt>[</tt>'' characters representing the depth of the array
     * nesting.  The encoding of element type names is as follows:
     *
     * <blockquote><table summary="Element types and encodings">
     * <tr><th> Element Type <th> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th> Encoding
     * <tr><td> boolean      <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> Z
     * <tr><td> byte         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> B
     * <tr><td> char         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> C
     * <tr><td> class or interface  
     *                       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> L<i>classname</i>;
     * <tr><td> double       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> D
     * <tr><td> float        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> F
     * <tr><td> int          <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> I
     * <tr><td> long         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> J
     * <tr><td> short        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> S
     * </table></blockquote>
     *
     * <p> The class or interface name <i>classname</i> is the binary name of
     * the class specified above.
     *
     * <p> Examples:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * String.class.getName()
     *     returns "java.lang.String"
     * byte.class.getName()
     *     returns "byte"
     * (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
     *     returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
     * (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
     *     returns "[[[[[[[I"
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @return  the name of the class or interface
     *          represented by this object.
     */
    public String getName() {
        if (name == null)
            name = getName0();
        return name;
    }

    // cache the name to reduce the number of calls into the VM
    private transient String name;
    private native String getName0();

    /**
     * Returns the class loader for the class.  Some implementations may use
     * null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return
     * null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap
     * class loader.
     *
     * <p> If a security manager is present, and the caller''s class loader is
     * not null and the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of
     * the class loader for the class whose class loader is requested, then
     * this method calls the security manager''s <code>checkPermission</code> 
     * method with a <code>RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")</code> 
     * permission to ensure it''s ok to access the class loader for the class.
     * 
     * <p>If this object
     * represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.
     *
     * @return  the class loader that loaded the class or interface
     *          represented by this object.
     * @throws SecurityException
     *    if a security manager exists and its 
     *    <code>checkPermission</code> method denies
     *    access to the class loader for the class.
     * @see java.lang.ClassLoader
     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
     * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
     */
    public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
        ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
        if (cl == null)
            return null;
        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm !!= null) {
            ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader();
            if (ccl !!= null && ccl !!= cl && !!cl.isAncestor(ccl)) {
                sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
            }
        }
        return cl;
    }

    // Package-private to allow ClassLoader access
    native ClassLoader getClassLoader0();


    /**
     * Returns an array of <tt>TypeVariable</tt> objects that represent the
     * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
     * <tt>GenericDeclaration</tt> object, in declaration order.  Returns an
     * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
     * variables.
     *
     * @return an array of <tt>TypeVariable</tt> objects that represent
     *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration
     * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
     *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
     *     the format specified in the Java Virtual Machine Specification,
     *     3rd edition
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
        if (getGenericSignature() !!= null) 
            return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])getGenericInfo().getTypeParameters();
        else
            return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])new TypeVariable[0];
    }


    /**
     * Returns the <code>Class</code> representing the superclass of the entity
     * (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this
     * <code>Class</code>.  If this <code>Class</code> represents either the
     * <code>Object</code> class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then
     * null is returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
     * <code>Class</code> object representing the <code>Object</code> class is
     * returned.
     *
     * @return the superclass of the class represented by this object.
     */
    public native Class<? super T> getSuperclass();


    /**
     * Returns the <tt>Type</tt> representing the direct superclass of
     * the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
     * this <tt>Class</tt>.
     * 
     * <p>If the superclass is a parameterized type, the <tt>Type</tt>
     * object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
     * parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type
     * representing the superclass is created if it had not been
     * created before. See the declaration of {@link
     * java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType} for the
     * semantics of the creation process for parameterized types.  If
     * this <tt>Class</tt> represents either the <tt>Object</tt>
     * class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
     * returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
     * <tt>Class</tt> object representing the <tt>Object</tt> class is
     * returned.
     *
     * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
     *     class signature does not conform to the format specified in the
     *     Java Virtual Machine Specification, 3rd edition
     * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass
     *     refers to a non-existent type declaration
     * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the 
     *     generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
     *     instantiated  for any reason
     * @return the superclass of the class represented by this object
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public Type getGenericSuperclass() {
        if (getGenericSignature() !!= null) {
            // Historical irregularity:
            // Generic signature marks interfaces with superclass = Object
            // but this API returns null for interfaces
            if (isInterface())
                return null;
            return getGenericInfo().getSuperclass();
        } else
            return getSuperclass();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the package for this class.  The class loader of this class is used
     * to find the package.  If the class was loaded by the bootstrap class
     * loader the set of packages loaded from CLASSPATH is searched to find the
     * package of the class. Null is returned if no package object was created
     * by the class loader of this class.
     *
     * <p> Packages have attributes for versions and specifications only if the
     * information was defined in the manifests that accompany the classes, and
     * if the class loader created the package instance with the attributes
     * from the manifest.
     *
     * @return the package of the class, or null if no package
     *         information is available from the archive or codebase.
     */
    public Package getPackage() {
        return Package.getPackage(this);
    }


    /**
     * Determines the interfaces implemented by the class or interface
     * represented by this object.
     *
     * <p> If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
     * containing objects representing all interfaces implemented by the
     * class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to
     * the order of the interface names in the <code>implements</code> clause
     * of the declaration of the class represented by this object. For 
     * example, given the declaration:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * suppose the value of <code>s</code> is an instance of 
     * <code>Shimmer</code>; the value of the expression:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * is the <code>Class</code> object that represents interface 
     * <code>FloorWax</code>; and the value of:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * is the <code>Class</code> object that represents interface 
     * <code>DessertTopping</code>.
     *
     * <p> If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
     * representing all interfaces extended by the interface. The order of the
     * interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface
     * names in the <code>extends</code> clause of the declaration of the
     * interface represented by this object.
     *
     * <p> If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
     * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
     *
     * <p> If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
     * returns an array of length 0.
     *
     * @return an array of interfaces implemented by this class.
     */
    public native Class<?>[] getInterfaces();

    /**
     * Returns the <tt>Type</tt>s representing the interfaces 
     * directly implemented by the class or interface represented by
     * this object.
     *
     * <p>If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the
     * <tt>Type</tt> object returned for it must accurately reflect
     * the actual type parameters used in the source code. The
     * parameterized type representing each superinterface is created
     * if it had not been created before. See the declaration of
     * {@link java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType}
     * for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized
     * types.
     *
     * <p> If this object represents a class, the return value is an
     * array containing objects representing all interfaces
     * implemented by the class. The order of the interface objects in
     * the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in
     * the <tt>implements</tt> clause of the declaration of the class
     * represented by this object.  In the case of an array class, the
     * interfaces <tt>Cloneable</tt> and <tt>Serializable</tt> are
     * returned in that order.
     *
     * <p>If this object represents an interface, the array contains
     * objects representing all interfaces directly extended by the
     * interface.  The order of the interface objects in the array
     * corresponds to the order of the interface names in the
     * <tt>extends</tt> clause of the declaration of the interface
     * represented by this object.
     *
     * <p>If this object represents a class or interface that
     * implements no interfaces, the method returns an array of length
     * 0.
     *
     * <p>If this object represents a primitive type or void, the
     * method returns an array of length 0.
     *
     * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError
     *     if the generic class signature does not conform to the format
     *     specified in the Java Virtual Machine Specification, 3rd edition
     * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the generic
     *     superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
     * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if any of the 
     *     generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized type that cannot
     *     be instantiated  for any reason
     * @return an array of interfaces implemented by this class
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public Type[] getGenericInterfaces() {
        if (getGenericSignature() !!= null)
            return getGenericInfo().getSuperInterfaces();
        else
            return getInterfaces();
    }


    /**
     * Returns the <code>Class</code> representing the component type of an
     * array.  If this class does not represent an array class this method
     * returns null.
     *
     * @return the <code>Class</code> representing the component type of this
     * class if this class is an array
     * @see     java.lang.reflect.Array
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public native Class<?> getComponentType();


    /**
     * Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded
     * in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine''s
     * constants for <code>public</code>, <code>protected</code>,
     * <code>private</code>, <code>final</code>, <code>static</code>,
     * <code>abstract</code> and <code>interface</code>; they should be decoded
     * using the methods of class <code>Modifier</code>.
     *
     * <p> If the underlying class is an array class, then its
     * <code>public</code>, <code>private</code> and <code>protected</code>
     * modifiers are the same as those of its component type.  If this
     * <code>Class</code> represents a primitive type or void, its
     * <code>public</code> modifier is always <code>true</code>, and its
     * <code>protected</code> and <code>private</code> modifiers are always
     * <code>false</code>. If this object represents an array class, a
     * primitive type or void, then its <code>final</code> modifier is always
     * <code>true</code> and its interface modifier is always
     * <code>false</code>. The values of its other modifiers are not determined
     * by this specification.
     *
     * <p> The modifier encodings are defined in <em>The Java Virtual Machine
     * Specification</em>, table 4.1.
     *
     * @return the <code>int</code> representing the modifiers for this class
     * @see     java.lang.reflect.Modifier
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public native int getModifiers();


    /**
     * Gets the signers of this class.
     *
     * @return  the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers.  In
     *          particular, this method returns null if this object represents
     *          a primitive type or void.
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    public native Object[] getSigners();
        

    /**
     * Set the signers of this class.
     */
    native void setSigners(Object[] signers);


    /**
     * If this <tt>Class</tt> object represents a local or anonymous
     * class within a method, returns a {@link
     * java.lang.reflect.Method Method} object representing the
     * immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns
     * <tt>null</tt> otherwise.
     *
     * In particular, this method returns <tt>null</tt> if the underlying
     * class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type
     * declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
     *
     * @return the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if
     *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise <tt>null</tt>.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public Method getEnclosingMethod() {
        EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
        
        if (enclosingInfo == null)
            return null;
        else {
            if (!!enclosingInfo.isMethod())
                return null;

            MethodRepository typeInfo = MethodRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(), 
                                                              getFactory());
            Class      returnType       = toClass(typeInfo.getReturnType());
            Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
            Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];

            // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
            // be class objects since the methodDescriptor''s used
            // don''t have generics information
            for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
                parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);

            /*
             * Loop over all declared methods; match method name,
             * number of and type of parameters, *and* return
             * type.  Matching return type is also necessary
             * because of covariant returns, etc.
             */
            for(Method m: enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass().getDeclaredMethods()) {
                if (m.getName().equals(enclosingInfo.getName()) ) {
                    Class<?>[] candidateParamClasses = m.getParameterTypes();
                    if (candidateParamClasses.length == parameterClasses.length) {
                        boolean matches = true;
                        for(int i = 0; i < candidateParamClasses.length; i++) {
                            if (!!candidateParamClasses[i].equals(parameterClasses[i])) {
                                matches = false;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                            
                        if (matches) { // finally, check return type
                            if (m.getReturnType().equals(returnType) )
                                return m;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
                
            throw new InternalError("Enclosing method not found");
        }
    }

    private native Object[] getEnclosingMethod0();

    private EnclosingMethodInfo getEnclosingMethodInfo() {
        Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
        if (enclosingInfo == null)
            return null;
        else {
            return new EnclosingMethodInfo(enclosingInfo);
        }
    }

    private final static class EnclosingMethodInfo {
        private Class<?> enclosingClass;
        private String name;
        private String descriptor;

        private EnclosingMethodInfo(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
            if (enclosingInfo.length !!= 3)
                throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
            try {
                // The array is expected to have three elements:

                // the immediately enclosing class
                enclosingClass = (Class<?>) enclosingInfo[0];
                assert(enclosingClass !!= null);

                // the immediately enclosing method or constructor''s
                // name (can be null).
                name            = (String)   enclosingInfo[1]; 

                // the immediately enclosing method or constructor''s
                // descriptor (null iff name is).
                descriptor      = (String)   enclosingInfo[2];
                assert((name !!= null && descriptor !!= null) || name == descriptor);
            } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
                throw new InternalError("Invalid type in enclosing method information");
            }
        }

        boolean isPartial() {
            return enclosingClass == null || name == null || descriptor == null;
        }

        boolean isConstructor() { return !!isPartial() && "<init>".equals(name); }

        boolean isMethod() { return !!isPartial() && !!isConstructor() && !!"<clinit>".equals(name); }

        Class<?> getEnclosingClass() { return enclosingClass; }

        String getName() { return name; }

        String getDescriptor() { return descriptor; }

    }

    private static Class toClass(Type o) {
        if (o instanceof GenericArrayType)
            return Array.newInstance(toClass(((GenericArrayType)o).getGenericComponentType()),
                                     0)
                .getClass();
        return (Class)o;
     }

    /**
     * If this <tt>Class</tt> object represents a local or anonymous
     * class within a constructor, returns a {@link
     * java.lang.reflect.Constructor Constructor} object representing
     * the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
     * class. Returns <tt>null</tt> otherwise.  In particular, this
     * method returns <tt>null</tt> if the underlying class is a local
     * or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration,
     * instance initializer or static initializer.
     *
     * @return the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if
     *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise <tt>null</tt>.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor() {
        EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
        
        if (enclosingInfo == null)
            return null;
        else {
            if (!!enclosingInfo.isConstructor())
                return null;

            ConstructorRepository typeInfo = ConstructorRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(), 
                                                                        getFactory());
            Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
            Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];

            // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
            // be class objects since the methodDescriptor''s used
            // don''t have generics information
            for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
                parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);

            /*
             * Loop over all declared constructors; match number
             * of and type of parameters.
             */
            for(Constructor c: enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass().getDeclaredConstructors()) {
                Class<?>[] candidateParamClasses = c.getParameterTypes();
                if (candidateParamClasses.length == parameterClasses.length) {
                    boolean matches = true;
                    for(int i = 0; i < candidateParamClasses.length; i++) {
                        if (!!candidateParamClasses[i].equals(parameterClasses[i])) {
                            matches = false;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                        
                    if (matches)
                        return c;
                }
            }
                
            throw new InternalError("Enclosing constructor not found");
        }
    }


    /**
     * If the class or interface represented by this <code>Class</code> object
     * is a member of another class, returns the <code>Class</code> object
     * representing the class in which it was declared.  This method returns
     * null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class.  If
     * this <code>Class</code> object represents an array class, a primitive
     * type, or void,then this method returns null.
     *
     * @return the declaring class for this class
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public native Class<?> getDeclaringClass();


    /**
     * Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying
     * class.  If the underlying class is a top level class this
     * method returns <tt>null</tt>.
     * @return the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public Class<?> getEnclosingClass() {
        // There are five kinds of classes (or interfaces):
        // a) Top level classes
        // b) Nested classes (static member classes)
        // c) Inner classes (non-static member classes)
        // d) Local classes (named classes declared within a method)
        // e) Anonymous classes


        // JVM Spec 4.8.6: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
        // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
        // anonymous class.
        EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();

        if (enclosingInfo == null) {
            // This is a top level or a nested class or an inner class (a, b, or c)
            return getDeclaringClass();
        } else {
            Class<?> enclosingClass = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
            // This is a local class or an anonymous class (d or e)
            if (enclosingClass == this || enclosingClass == null)
                throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
            else
                return enclosingClass;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the
     * source code. Returns an empty string if the underlying class is
     * anonymous.
     *
     * <p>The simple name of an array is the simple name of the
     * component type with "[]" appended.  In particular the simple
     * name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".
     *
     * @return the simple name of the underlying class
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public String getSimpleName() {
        if (isArray())
            return getComponentType().getSimpleName()+"[]";

        String simpleName = getSimpleBinaryName();
        if (simpleName == null) { // top level class
            simpleName = getName();
            return simpleName.substring(simpleName.lastIndexOf(".")+1); // strip the package name
        }
        // According to JLS3 "Binary Compatibility" (13.1) the binary
        // name of non-package classes (not top level) is the binary
        // name of the immediately enclosing class followed by a ''$'' followed by:
        // (for nested and inner classes): the simple name.
        // (for local classes): 1 or more digits followed by the simple name.
        // (for anonymous classes): 1 or more digits.

        // Since getSimpleBinaryName() will strip the binary name of
        // the immediatly enclosing class, we are now looking at a
        // string that matches the regular expression "\$[0-9]*"
        // followed by a simple name (considering the simple of an
        // anonymous class to be the empty string).

        // Remove leading "\$[0-9]*" from the name
        int length = simpleName.length();
        if (length < 1 || simpleName.charAt(0) !!= ''$'')
            throw new InternalError("Malformed class name");
        int index = 1;
        while (index < length && isAsciiDigit(simpleName.charAt(index)))
            index++;
        // Eventually, this is the empty string iff this is an anonymous class
        return simpleName.substring(index);
    }

    /**
     * Character.isDigit answers <tt>true</tt> to some non-ascii
     * digits.  This one does not.
     */
    private static boolean isAsciiDigit(char c) {
        return ''0'' <= c && c <= ''9'';
    }

    /**
     * Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as
     * defined by the Java Language Specification.  Returns null if
     * the underlying class does not have a canonical name (i.e., if
     * it is a local or anonymous class or an array whose component
     * type does not have a canonical name).
     * @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and
     * <tt>null</tt> otherwise.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public String getCanonicalName() {
        if (isArray()) {
            String canonicalName = getComponentType().getCanonicalName();
            if (canonicalName !!= null)
                return canonicalName + "[]";
            else
                return null;
        }
        if (isLocalOrAnonymousClass())
            return null;
        Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
        if (enclosingClass == null) { // top level class
            return getName();
        } else {
            String enclosingName = enclosingClass.getCanonicalName();
            if (enclosingName == null)
                return null;
            return enclosingName + "." + getSimpleName();
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if the underlying class
     * is an anonymous class.
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isAnonymousClass() {
        return "".equals(getSimpleName());
    }
 
    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if the underlying class
     * is a local class.
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if and only if this class is a local class.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isLocalClass() {
        return isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && !!isAnonymousClass();
    }

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if the underlying class
     * is a member class.
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if and only if this class is a member class.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isMemberClass() {
        return getSimpleBinaryName() !!= null && !!isLocalOrAnonymousClass();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e.,
     * the binary name without the leading enclosing class name.
     * Returns <tt>null</tt> if the underlying class is a top level
     * class.
     */
    private String getSimpleBinaryName() {
        Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
        if (enclosingClass == null) // top level class
            return null;
        // Otherwise, strip the enclosing class'' name
        try {
            return getName().substring(enclosingClass.getName().length());
        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
            throw new InternalError("Malformed class name");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this is a local class or an anonymous
     * class.  Returns <tt>false</tt> otherwise.
     */
    private boolean isLocalOrAnonymousClass() {
        // JVM Spec 4.8.6: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
        // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
        // anonymous class.
        return getEnclosingMethodInfo() !!= null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns an array containing <code>Class</code> objects representing all
     * the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
     * represented by this <code>Class</code> object.  This includes public
     * class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class
     * and interface members declared by the class.  This method returns an
     * array of length 0 if this <code>Class</code> object has no public member
     * classes or interfaces.  This method also returns an array of length 0 if
     * this <code>Class</code> object represents a primitive type, an array
     * class, or void.
     * 
     * @return the array of <code>Class</code> objects representing the public
     * members of this class
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)}</tt> method
     *             denies access to the classes within this class
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package 
     *             of this class
     * 
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Class<?>[] getClasses() {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());

        // Privileged so this implementation can look at DECLARED classes,
        // something the caller might not have privilege to do.  The code here
        // is allowed to look at DECLARED classes because (1) it does not hand
        // out anything other than public members and (2) public member access
        // has already been ok''d by the SecurityManager.

        Class[] result = (Class[]) java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
            (new java.security.PrivilegedAction() {
                public Object run() {
                    java.util.List<Class> list = new java.util.ArrayList();
                    Class currentClass = Class.this;
                    while (currentClass !!= null) {
                        Class[] members = currentClass.getDeclaredClasses();
                        for (int i = 0; i < members.length; i++) {
                            if (Modifier.isPublic(members[i].getModifiers())) {
                                list.add(members[i]);
                            }
                        }
                        currentClass = currentClass.getSuperclass();
                    }
                    Class[] empty = {};
                    return list.toArray(empty);
                }
            });

        return result;
    }


    /**
     * Returns an array containing <code>Field</code> objects reflecting all
     * the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
     * this <code>Class</code> object.  The elements in the array returned are
     * not sorted and are not in any particular order.  This method returns an
     * array of length 0 if the class or interface has no accessible public
     * fields, or if it represents an array class, a primitive type, or void.
     *
     * <p> Specifically, if this <code>Class</code> object represents a class,
     * this method returns the public fields of this class and of all its
     * superclasses.  If this <code>Class</code> object represents an
     * interface, this method returns the fields of this interface and of all
     * its superinterfaces.
     *
     * <p> The implicit length field for array class is not reflected by this
     * method. User code should use the methods of class <code>Array</code> to
     * manipulate arrays.
     *
     * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.3.
     *
     * @return the array of <code>Field</code> objects representing the
     * public fields
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)}</tt> denies
     *             access to the fields within this class
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        return copyFields(privateGetPublicFields(null));
    }


    /**
     * Returns an array containing <code>Method</code> objects reflecting all
     * the public <em>member</em> methods of the class or interface represented
     * by this <code>Class</code> object, including those declared by the class
     * or interface and those inherited from superclasses and
     * superinterfaces.  Array classes return all the (public) member methods 
     * inherited from the <code>Object</code> class.  The elements in the array 
     * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order.  This 
     * method returns an array of length 0 if this <code>Class</code> object
     * represents a class or interface that has no public member methods, or if
     * this <code>Class</code> object represents a primitive type or void.
     *
     * <p> The class initialization method <code>&lt;clinit&gt;</code> is not
     * included in the returned array. If the class declares multiple public
     * member methods with the same parameter types, they are all included in
     * the returned array.
     *
     * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.4.
     *
     * @return the array of <code>Method</code> objects representing the
     * public methods of this class
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)}</tt> denies
     *             access to the methods within this class
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        return copyMethods(privateGetPublicMethods());
    }


    /**
     * Returns an array containing <code>Constructor</code> objects reflecting
     * all the public constructors of the class represented by this
     * <code>Class</code> object.  An array of length 0 is returned if the
     * class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or
     * if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
     *
     * Note that while this method returns an array of {@code
     * Constructor<T>} objects (that is an array of constructors from
     * this class), the return type of this method is {@code
     * Constructor<?>[]} and <em>not</em> {@code Constructor<T>[]} as
     * might be expected.  This less informative return type is
     * necessary since after being returned from this method, the
     * array could be modified to hold {@code Constructor} objects for
     * different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of
     * {@code Constructor<T>[]}.
     *
     * @return the array of <code>Constructor</code> objects representing the
     *  public constructors of this class
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)}</tt> denies
     *             access to the constructors within this class
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(true));
    }


    /**
     * Returns a <code>Field</code> object that reflects the specified public
     * member field of the class or interface represented by this
     * <code>Class</code> object. The <code>name</code> parameter is a
     * <code>String</code> specifying the simple name of the desired field.
     *
     * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
     * follows.  Let C be the class represented by this object:
     * <OL>
     * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
     *      field to be reflected.</LI>
     * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
     *      recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
     *      superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>
     * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a
     *      superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.
     *      If C has no superclass, then a <code>NoSuchFieldException</code>
     *      is thrown.</LI>
     * </OL>
     *
     * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.3.
     * 
     * @param name the field name
     * @return  the <code>Field</code> object of this class specified by 
     * <code>name</code>
     * @exception NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
     *              not found.
     * @exception NullPointerException if <code>name</code> is <code>null</code>
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)}</tt> denies
     *             access to the field
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Field getField(String name)
        throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        Field field = getField0(name);
        if (field == null) {
            throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
        }
        return field;
    }


    /**
     * Returns a <code>Method</code> object that reflects the specified public
     * member method of the class or interface represented by this
     * <code>Class</code> object. The <code>name</code> parameter is a
     * <code>String</code> specifying the simple name of the desired method. The
     * <code>parameterTypes</code> parameter is an array of <code>Class</code>
     * objects that identify the method''s formal parameter types, in declared
     * order. If <code>parameterTypes</code> is <code>null</code>, it is 
     * treated as if it were an empty array.
     *
     * <p> If the <code>name</code> is "{@code <init>};"or "{@code <clinit>}" a
     * <code>NoSuchMethodException</code> is raised. Otherwise, the method to
     * be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows.  Let C be the
     * class represented by this object:
     * <OL>
     * <LI> C is searched for any <I>matching methods</I>. If no matching
     *      method is found, the algorithm of step 1 is invoked recursively on
     *      the superclass of C.</LI>
     * <LI> If no method was found in step 1 above, the superinterfaces of C
     *      are searched for a matching method. If any such method is found, it
     *      is reflected.</LI>
     * </OL>
     *
     * To find a matching method in a class C:&nbsp; If C declares exactly one
     * public method with the specified name and exactly the same formal
     * parameter types, that is the method reflected. If more than one such
     * method is found in C, and one of these methods has a return type that is
     * more specific than any of the others, that method is reflected;
     * otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.
     *
     * <p>Note that there may be more than one matching method in a
     * class because while the Java language forbids a class to
     * declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
     * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
     * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
     * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
     * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
     * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
     * method and the method being overridden would have the same
     * signature but different return types.
     *
     * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.4.
     *
     * @param name the name of the method
     * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
     * @return the <code>Method</code> object that matches the specified
     * <code>name</code> and <code>parameterTypes</code>
     * @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
     *            or if the name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;".
     * @exception NullPointerException if <code>name</code> is <code>null</code>
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)}</tt> denies
     *             access to the method
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
        throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes);
        if (method == null) {
            throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
        }
        return method;
    }


    /**
     * Returns a <code>Constructor</code> object that reflects the specified
     * public constructor of the class represented by this <code>Class</code>
     * object. The <code>parameterTypes</code> parameter is an array of
     * <code>Class</code> objects that identify the constructor''s formal
     * parameter types, in declared order.  
     *
     * If this <code>Class</code> object represents an inner class
     * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
     * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
     *
     * <p> The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class
     * represented by this <code>Class</code> object whose formal parameter
     * types match those specified by <code>parameterTypes</code>.
     *
     * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
     * @return the <code>Constructor</code> object of the public constructor that
     * matches the specified <code>parameterTypes</code>
     * @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)}</tt> denies
     *             access to the constructor
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
        throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        return getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.PUBLIC);
    }


    /**
     * Returns an array of <code>Class</code> objects reflecting all the
     * classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
     * this <code>Class</code> object. This includes public, protected, default
     * (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the
     * class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces.  This method
     * returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or
     * interfaces as members, or if this <code>Class</code> object represents a
     * primitive type, an array class, or void.
     *
     * @return the array of <code>Class</code> objects representing all the 
     * declared members of this class
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)}</tt> denies
     *             access to the declared classes within this class
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        return getDeclaredClasses0();
    }


    /**
     * Returns an array of <code>Field</code> objects reflecting all the fields
     * declared by the class or interface represented by this
     * <code>Class</code> object. This includes public, protected, default
     * (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.
     * The elements in the array returned are not sorted and are not in any
     * particular order.  This method returns an array of length 0 if the class
     * or interface declares no fields, or if this <code>Class</code> object
     * represents a primitive type, an array class, or void.
     *
     * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.3.
     *
     * @return    the array of <code>Field</code> objects representing all the
     * declared fields of this class
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)}</tt> denies
     *             access to the declared fields within this class
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        return copyFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false));
    }


    /**
     * Returns an array of <code>Method</code> objects reflecting all the
     * methods declared by the class or interface represented by this
     * <code>Class</code> object. This includes public, protected, default
     * (package) access, and private methods, but excludes inherited methods.
     * The elements in the array returned are not sorted and are not in any
     * particular order.  This method returns an array of length 0 if the class
     * or interface declares no methods, or if this <code>Class</code> object
     * represents a primitive type, an array class, or void.  The class
     * initialization method <code>&lt;clinit&gt;</code> is not included in the
     * returned array. If the class declares multiple public member methods
     * with the same parameter types, they are all included in the returned
     * array.
     *
     * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, section 8.2.
     *
     * @return    the array of <code>Method</code> objects representing all the
     * declared methods of this class
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)}</tt> denies
     *             access to the declared methods within this class
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        return copyMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false));
    }


    /**
     * Returns an array of <code>Constructor</code> objects reflecting all the
     * constructors declared by the class represented by this
     * <code>Class</code> object. These are public, protected, default
     * (package) access, and private constructors.  The elements in the array
     * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order.  If the
     * class has a default constructor, it is included in the returned array.
     * This method returns an array of length 0 if this <code>Class</code>
     * object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or
     * void.
     *
     * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, section 8.2.
     *
     * @return    the array of <code>Constructor</code> objects representing all the
     * declared constructors of this class
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)}</tt> denies
     *             access to the declared constructors within this class
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false));
    }


    /**
     * Returns a <code>Field</code> object that reflects the specified declared
     * field of the class or interface represented by this <code>Class</code>
     * object. The <code>name</code> parameter is a <code>String</code> that
     * specifies the simple name of the desired field.  Note that this method
     * will not reflect the <code>length</code> field of an array class.
     *
     * @param name the name of the field
     * @return the <code>Field</code> object for the specified field in this
     * class
     * @exception NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
     *              not found.
     * @exception NullPointerException if <code>name</code> is <code>null</code>
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)}</tt> denies
     *             access to the declared field
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
        throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        Field field = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false), name);
        if (field == null) {
            throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
        }
        return field;
    }


    /**
     * Returns a <code>Method</code> object that reflects the specified
     * declared method of the class or interface represented by this
     * <code>Class</code> object. The <code>name</code> parameter is a
     * <code>String</code> that specifies the simple name of the desired
     * method, and the <code>parameterTypes</code> parameter is an array of
     * <code>Class</code> objects that identify the method''s formal parameter
     * types, in declared order.  If more than one method with the same
     * parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
     * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
     * returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.  If the
     * name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;" a <code>NoSuchMethodException</code>
     * is raised.
     *
     * @param name the name of the method
     * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
     * @return    the <code>Method</code> object for the method of this class
     * matching the specified name and parameters
     * @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
     * @exception NullPointerException if <code>name</code> is <code>null</code>
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)}</tt> denies
     *             access to the declared method
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
        throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        Method method = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false), name, parameterTypes);
        if (method == null) {
            throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
        }
        return method;
    }


    /**
     * Returns a <code>Constructor</code> object that reflects the specified
     * constructor of the class or interface represented by this
     * <code>Class</code> object.  The <code>parameterTypes</code> parameter is
     * an array of <code>Class</code> objects that identify the constructor''s
     * formal parameter types, in declared order.
     *
     * If this <code>Class</code> object represents an inner class
     * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
     * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
     *
     * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
     * @return    The <code>Constructor</code> object for the constructor with the
     * specified parameter list
     * @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *             following conditions is met:
     *
     *             <ul>
     *
     *             <li> invocation of 
     *             <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
     *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)}</tt> denies
     *             access to the declared constructor
     *
     *             <li> the caller''s class loader is not the same as or an
     *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *             invocation of <tt>{@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *             s.checkPackageAccess()}</tt> denies access to the package
     *             of this class
     *
     *             </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
        throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
        // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
        // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons 
        // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
        return getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.DECLARED);
    }

    /**
     * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources
     * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
     * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
     * delegates to this object''s class loader.  If this object was loaded by
     * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
     * ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream}.
     *
     * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
     * given resource name using this algorithm:
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li> If the <tt>name</tt> begins with a <tt>''/''</tt>
     * (<tt>''&#92;u002f''</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
     * portion of the <tt>name</tt> following the <tt>''/''</tt>. 
     *
     * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
     *
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *   <tt>modified_package_name</tt>/<tt>name</tt>
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * <p> Where the <tt>modified_package_name</tt> is the package name of this
     * object with <tt>''/''</tt> substituted for <tt>''.''</tt>
     * (<tt>''&#92;u002e''</tt>).
     *
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param  name name of the desired resource
     * @return      A {@link java.io.InputStream} object or <tt>null</tt> if
     *              no resource with this name is found
     * @throws  NullPointerException If <tt>name</tt> is <tt>null</tt>
     * @since  JDK1.1
     */
     public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {
        name = resolveName(name);
        ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
        if (cl==null) {
            // A system class.
            return ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(name);
        }
        return cl.getResourceAsStream(name);
    }

    /**
     * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources
     * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
     * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
     * delegates to this object''s class loader.  If this object was loaded by
     * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
     * ClassLoader#getSystemResource}.
     *
     * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
     * given resource name using this algorithm:
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li> If the <tt>name</tt> begins with a <tt>''/''</tt>
     * (<tt>''&#92;u002f''</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
     * portion of the <tt>name</tt> following the <tt>''/''</tt>. 
     *
     * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
     *
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *   <tt>modified_package_name</tt>/<tt>name</tt>
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * <p> Where the <tt>modified_package_name</tt> is the package name of this
     * object with <tt>''/''</tt> substituted for <tt>''.''</tt>
     * (<tt>''&#92;u002e''</tt>).
     *
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param  name name of the desired resource
     * @return      A  {@link java.net.URL} object or <tt>null</tt> if no
     *              resource with this name is found
     * @since  JDK1.1
     */
    public java.net.URL getResource(String name) {
        name = resolveName(name);
        ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
        if (cl==null) {
            // A system class.
            return ClassLoader.getSystemResource(name);
        }
        return cl.getResource(name);
    }



    /** protection domain returned when the internal domain is null */
    private static java.security.ProtectionDomain allPermDomain;


    /**
     * Returns the <code>ProtectionDomain</code> of this class.  If there is a
     * security manager installed, this method first calls the security
     * manager''s <code>checkPermission</code> method with a
     * <code>RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")</code> permission to
     * ensure it''s ok to get the
     * <code>ProtectionDomain</code>.
     *
     * @return the ProtectionDomain of this class
     *
     * @throws SecurityException
     *        if a security manager exists and its 
     *        <code>checkPermission</code> method doesn''t allow 
     *        getting the ProtectionDomain.
     *
     * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
     * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain() {
        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm !!= null) {
            sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_PD_PERMISSION);
        }
        java.security.ProtectionDomain pd = getProtectionDomain0();
        if (pd == null) {
            if (allPermDomain == null) {
                java.security.Permissions perms = 
                    new java.security.Permissions();
                perms.add(SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
                allPermDomain = 
                    new java.security.ProtectionDomain(null, perms);
            }
            pd = allPermDomain;
        }
        return pd;
    }


    /**
     * Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class.
     */
    private native java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain0();


    /**
     * Set the ProtectionDomain for this class. Called by
     * ClassLoader.defineClass.
     */
    native void setProtectionDomain0(java.security.ProtectionDomain pd);


    /*
     * Return the Virtual Machine''s Class object for the named
     * primitive type.
     */
    static native Class getPrimitiveClass(String name);


    /*
     * Check if client is allowed to access members.  If access is denied,
     * throw a SecurityException.
     *
     * Be very careful not to change the stack depth of this checkMemberAccess
     * call for security reasons.
     * See java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess.
     *
     * <p> Default policy: allow all clients access with normal Java access
     * control.
     */
    private void checkMemberAccess(int which, ClassLoader ccl) {
        SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (s !!= null) {
            s.checkMemberAccess(this, which);
            ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
            if ((ccl !!= null) && (ccl !!= cl) && 
                  ((cl == null) || !!cl.isAncestor(ccl))) {
                String name = this.getName();
                int i = name.lastIndexOf(''.'');
                if (i !!= -1) {
                    s.checkPackageAccess(name.substring(0, i));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute Remove leading "/"
     * if name is absolute
     */
    private String resolveName(String name) {
        if (name == null) {
            return name;
        }
        if (!!name.startsWith("/")) {
            Class c = this;
            while (c.isArray()) {
                c = c.getComponentType();
            }
            String baseName = c.getName();
            int index = baseName.lastIndexOf(''.'');
            if (index !!= -1) {
                name = baseName.substring(0, index).replace(''.'', ''/'')
                    +"/"+name;
            }
        } else {
            name = name.substring(1);
        }
        return name;
    }

    /**
     * Reflection support.
     */

    // Caches for certain reflective results
    private static boolean useCaches = true;
    private volatile transient SoftReference declaredFields;
    private volatile transient SoftReference publicFields;
    private volatile transient SoftReference declaredMethods;
    private volatile transient SoftReference publicMethods;
    private volatile transient SoftReference declaredConstructors;
    private volatile transient SoftReference publicConstructors;
    // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods
    private volatile transient SoftReference declaredPublicFields;
    private volatile transient SoftReference declaredPublicMethods;

    // Incremented by the VM on each call to JVM TI RedefineClasses()
    // that redefines this class or a superclass.
    private volatile transient int classRedefinedCount = 0;

    // Value of classRedefinedCount when we last cleared the cached values
    // that are sensitive to class redefinition.
    private volatile transient int lastRedefinedCount = 0;

    // Clears cached values that might possibly have been obsoleted by
    // a class redefinition.
    private void clearCachesOnClassRedefinition() {
        if (lastRedefinedCount !!= classRedefinedCount) {
            declaredFields = publicFields = declaredPublicFields = null;
            declaredMethods = publicMethods = declaredPublicMethods = null;
            declaredConstructors = publicConstructors = null;
            annotations = declaredAnnotations = null;

            // Use of "volatile" (and synchronization by caller in the case
            // of annotations) ensures that no thread sees the update to
            // lastRedefinedCount before seeing the caches cleared.
            // We do not guard against brief windows during which multiple
            // threads might redundantly work to fill an empty cache.
            lastRedefinedCount = classRedefinedCount;
        }
    }

    // Generic signature handling
    private native String getGenericSignature();

    // Generic info repository; lazily initialized
    private transient ClassRepository genericInfo;

    // accessor for factory
    private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
        // create scope and factory
        return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ClassScope.make(this)); 
    }

    // accessor for generic info repository
    private ClassRepository getGenericInfo() {
        // lazily initialize repository if necessary
        if (genericInfo == null) {
            // create and cache generic info repository
            genericInfo = ClassRepository.make(getGenericSignature(), 
                                               getFactory());
        }
        return genericInfo; //return cached repository
    }

    // Annotations handling
    private native byte[] getRawAnnotations();

    native ConstantPool getConstantPool();

    //
    //
    // java.lang.reflect.Field handling
    //
    //

    // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
    // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
    // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
    private Field[] privateGetDeclaredFields(boolean publicOnly) {
        checkInitted();
        Field[] res = null;
        if (useCaches) {
            clearCachesOnClassRedefinition();
            if (publicOnly) {
                if (declaredPublicFields !!= null) {
                    res = (Field[]) declaredPublicFields.get();
                }
            } else {
                if (declaredFields !!= null) {
                    res = (Field[]) declaredFields.get();
                }
            }
            if (res !!= null) return res;
        }
        // No cached value available; request value from VM
        res = Reflection.filterFields(this, getDeclaredFields0(publicOnly));
        if (useCaches) {
            if (publicOnly) {
                declaredPublicFields = new SoftReference(res);
            } else {
                declaredFields = new SoftReference(res);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
    // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
    // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
    private Field[] privateGetPublicFields(Set traversedInterfaces) {
        checkInitted();
        Field[] res = null;
        if (useCaches) {
            clearCachesOnClassRedefinition();
            if (publicFields !!= null) {
                res = (Field[]) publicFields.get();
            }
            if (res !!= null) return res;
        }

        // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
        // Traverse in correct order for getField().
        List fields = new ArrayList();
        if (traversedInterfaces == null) {
            traversedInterfaces = new HashSet();
        }
        
        // Local fields
        Field[] tmp = privateGetDeclaredFields(true);
        addAll(fields, tmp);

        // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
        Class[] interfaces = getInterfaces();
        for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
            Class c = interfaces[i];
            if (!!traversedInterfaces.contains(c)) {
                traversedInterfaces.add(c);
                addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
            }
        }

        // Direct superclass, recursively
        if (!!isInterface()) {
            Class c = getSuperclass();
            if (c !!= null) {
                addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
            }
        }

        res = new Field[fields.size()];
        fields.toArray(res);
        if (useCaches) {
            publicFields = new SoftReference(res);
        }
        return res;
    }

    private static void addAll(Collection c, Field[] o) {
        for (int i = 0; i < o.length; i++) {
            c.add(o[i]);
        }
    }


    //
    //
    // java.lang.reflect.Constructor handling
    //
    //

    // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor
    // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must
    // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
    private Constructor[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {
        checkInitted();
        Constructor[] res = null;
        if (useCaches) {
            clearCachesOnClassRedefinition();
            if (publicOnly) {
                if (publicConstructors !!= null) {
                    res = (Constructor[]) publicConstructors.get();
                }
            } else {
                if (declaredConstructors !!= null) {
                    res = (Constructor[]) declaredConstructors.get();
                }
            }
            if (res !!= null) return res;
        }
        // No cached value available; request value from VM
        if (isInterface()) {
            res = new Constructor[0];
        } else {
            res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);
        }
        if (useCaches) {
            if (publicOnly) {
                publicConstructors = new SoftReference(res);
            } else {
                declaredConstructors = new SoftReference(res);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    //
    //
    // java.lang.reflect.Method handling
    //
    //

    // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
    // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
    // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
    private Method[] privateGetDeclaredMethods(boolean publicOnly) {
        checkInitted();
        Method[] res = null;
        if (useCaches) {
            clearCachesOnClassRedefinition();
            if (publicOnly) {
                if (declaredPublicMethods !!= null) {
                    res = (Method[]) declaredPublicMethods.get();
                }
            } else {
                if (declaredMethods !!= null) {
                    res = (Method[]) declaredMethods.get();
                }
            }
            if (res !!= null) return res;
        }
        // No cached value available; request value from VM
        res = getDeclaredMethods0(publicOnly);
        if (useCaches) {
            if (publicOnly) {
                declaredPublicMethods = new SoftReference(res);
            } else {
                declaredMethods = new SoftReference(res);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    static class MethodArray {
        private Method[] methods;
        private int length;

        MethodArray() {
            methods = new Method[20];
            length = 0;
        }
        
        void add(Method m) {
            if (length == methods.length) {
                methods = Arrays.copyOf(methods, 2 * methods.length);
            }
            methods[length++] = m;
        }

        void addAll(Method[] ma) {
            for (int i = 0; i < ma.length; i++) {
                add(ma[i]);
            }
        }

        void addAll(MethodArray ma) {
            for (int i = 0; i < ma.length(); i++) {
                add(ma.get(i));
            }
        }

        void addIfNotPresent(Method newMethod) {
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                Method m = methods[i];
                if (m == newMethod || (m !!= null && m.equals(newMethod))) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            add(newMethod);
        }

        void addAllIfNotPresent(MethodArray newMethods) {
            for (int i = 0; i < newMethods.length(); i++) {
                Method m = newMethods.get(i);
                if (m !!= null) {
                    addIfNotPresent(m);
                }
            }
        }

        int length() {
            return length;
        }

        Method get(int i) {
            return methods[i];
        }

        void removeByNameAndSignature(Method toRemove) {
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                Method m = methods[i];
                if (m !!= null &&
                    m.getReturnType() == toRemove.getReturnType() &&
                    m.getName() == toRemove.getName() &&
                    arrayContentsEq(m.getParameterTypes(),
                                    toRemove.getParameterTypes())) {
                    methods[i] = null;
                }
            }
        }

        void compactAndTrim() {
            int newPos = 0;
            // Get rid of null slots
            for (int pos = 0; pos < length; pos++) {
                Method m = methods[pos];
                if (m !!= null) {
                    if (pos !!= newPos) {
                        methods[newPos] = m;
                    }
                    newPos++;
                }
            }
            if (newPos !!= methods.length) {
                methods = Arrays.copyOf(methods, newPos);
            }
        }

        Method[] getArray() {
            return methods;
        }
    }


    // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
    // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
    // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
    private Method[] privateGetPublicMethods() {
        checkInitted();
        Method[] res = null;
        if (useCaches) {
            clearCachesOnClassRedefinition();
            if (publicMethods !!= null) {
                res = (Method[]) publicMethods.get();
            }
            if (res !!= null) return res;
        }

        // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
        // Start by fetching public declared methods
        MethodArray methods = new MethodArray();
        {
            Method[] tmp = privateGetDeclaredMethods(true);
            methods.addAll(tmp);
        }
        // Now recur over superclass and direct superinterfaces.
        // Go over superinterfaces first so we can more easily filter
        // out concrete implementations inherited from superclasses at
        // the end.
        MethodArray inheritedMethods = new MethodArray();
        Class[] interfaces = getInterfaces();
        for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
            inheritedMethods.addAll(interfaces[i].privateGetPublicMethods());
        }
        if (!!isInterface()) {
            Class c = getSuperclass();
            if (c !!= null) {
                MethodArray supers = new MethodArray();
                supers.addAll(c.privateGetPublicMethods());
                // Filter out concrete implementations of any
                // interface methods
                for (int i = 0; i < supers.length(); i++) {
                    Method m = supers.get(i);
                    if (m !!= null && !!Modifier.isAbstract(m.getModifiers())) {
                        inheritedMethods.removeByNameAndSignature(m);
                    }
                }
                // Insert superclass''s inherited methods before
                // superinterfaces'' to satisfy getMethod''s search
                // order
                supers.addAll(inheritedMethods);
                inheritedMethods = supers;
            }
        }
        // Filter out all local methods from inherited ones
        for (int i = 0; i < methods.length(); i++) {
            Method m = methods.get(i);
            inheritedMethods.removeByNameAndSignature(m);
        }
        methods.addAllIfNotPresent(inheritedMethods);
        methods.compactAndTrim();
        res = methods.getArray();
        if (useCaches) {
            publicMethods = new SoftReference(res);
        }
        return res;
    }


    //
    // Helpers for fetchers of one field, method, or constructor
    //

    private Field searchFields(Field[] fields, String name) {
        String internedName = name.intern();
        for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
            if (fields[i].getName() == internedName) {
                return getReflectionFactory().copyField(fields[i]);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private Field getField0(String name) throws NoSuchFieldException {
        // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
        // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
        // privateGetPublicFields(). It fetches only the declared
        // public fields for each class, however, to reduce the number
        // of Field objects which have to be created for the common
        // case where the field being requested is declared in the
        // class which is being queried.
        Field res = null;
        // Search declared public fields
        if ((res = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(true), name)) !!= null) {
            return res;
        }
        // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
        Class[] interfaces = getInterfaces();
        for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
            Class c = interfaces[i];
            if ((res = c.getField0(name)) !!= null) {
                return res;
            }
        }
        // Direct superclass, recursively
        if (!!isInterface()) {
            Class c = getSuperclass();
            if (c !!= null) {
                if ((res = c.getField0(name)) !!= null) {
                    return res;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static Method searchMethods(Method[] methods,
                                        String name,
                                        Class[] parameterTypes)
    {
        Method res = null;
        String internedName = name.intern();
        for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
            Method m = methods[i];
            if (m.getName() == internedName
                && arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes, m.getParameterTypes())
                && (res == null
                    || res.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(m.getReturnType())))
                res = m;
        }

        return (res == null ? res : getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(res));
    }
  

    private Method getMethod0(String name, Class[] parameterTypes) {
        // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
        // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
        // privateGetPublicMethods(). It fetches only the declared
        // public methods for each class, however, to reduce the
        // number of Method objects which have to be created for the
        // common case where the method being requested is declared in
        // the class which is being queried.
        Method res = null;
        // Search declared public methods
        if ((res = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(true),
                                 name,
                                 parameterTypes)) !!= null) {
            return res;
        }
        // Search superclass''s methods
        if (!!isInterface()) {
            Class c = getSuperclass();
            if (c !!= null) {
                if ((res = c.getMethod0(name, parameterTypes)) !!= null) {
                    return res;
                }
            }
        }
        // Search superinterfaces'' methods
        Class[] interfaces = getInterfaces();
        for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
            Class c = interfaces[i];
            if ((res = c.getMethod0(name, parameterTypes)) !!= null) {
                return res;
            }
        }
        // Not found
        return null;
    }

    private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class[] parameterTypes,
                                        int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
    {
        Constructor[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));
        for (int i = 0; i < constructors.length; i++) {
            if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
                                constructors[i].getParameterTypes())) {
                return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(constructors[i]);
            }
        }
        throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + ".<init>" + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
    }

    //
    // Other helpers and base implementation
    //

    private static boolean arrayContentsEq(Object[] a1, Object[] a2) {
        if (a1 == null) {
            return a2 == null || a2.length == 0;
        }

        if (a2 == null) {
            return a1.length == 0;
        }

        if (a1.length !!= a2.length) {
            return false;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++) {
            if (a1[i] !!= a2[i]) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    private static Field[] copyFields(Field[] arg) {
        Field[] out = new Field[arg.length];
        ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
        for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
            out[i] = fact.copyField(arg[i]);
        }
        return out;
    }

    private static Method[] copyMethods(Method[] arg) {
        Method[] out = new Method[arg.length];
        ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
        for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
            out[i] = fact.copyMethod(arg[i]);
        }
        return out;
    }

    private static Constructor[] copyConstructors(Constructor[] arg) {
        Constructor[] out = new Constructor[arg.length];
        ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
        for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
            out[i] = fact.copyConstructor(arg[i]);
        }
        return out;
    }

    private native Field[]       getDeclaredFields0(boolean publicOnly);
    private native Method[]      getDeclaredMethods0(boolean publicOnly);
    private native Constructor[] getDeclaredConstructors0(boolean publicOnly);
    private native Class[]   getDeclaredClasses0();

    private static String        argumentTypesToString(Class[] argTypes) {
        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
        buf.append("(");
        if (argTypes !!= null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; i++) {
                if (i > 0) {
                    buf.append(", ");
                }
                Class c = argTypes[i];
                buf.append((c == null) ? "null" : c.getName());
            }
        }
        buf.append(")");
        return buf.toString();
    }

    /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3206093459760846163L;


    /**
     * Class Class is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol. 
     *
     * A Class instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the 
     * following format:
     * <pre>
     *      <code>TC_CLASS</code> ClassDescriptor
     *      A ClassDescriptor is a special cased serialization of 
     *      a <code>java.io.ObjectStreamClass</code> instance. 
     * </pre>
     * A new handle is generated for the initial time the class descriptor
     * is written into the stream. Future references to the class descriptor
     * are written as references to the initial class descriptor instance.
     *
     * @see java.io.ObjectStreamClass
     */
    private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields = 
        new ObjectStreamField[0];


    /**
     * Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this
     * class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
     * If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent
     * setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion
     * status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most
     * specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned;
     * otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a
     * class loader) its class loader''s default assertion status is returned;
     * otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.
     * <p>
     * Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided
     * for the benefit of the JRE itself.  (It allows a class to determine at
     * the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.)
     * Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual
     * assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified
     * class when it was (or will be) initialized.
     *
     * @return the desired assertion status of the specified class.
     * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setClassAssertionStatus
     * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setPackageAssertionStatus
     * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setDefaultAssertionStatus
     * @since  1.4
     */
    public boolean desiredAssertionStatus() {
        ClassLoader loader = getClassLoader();
        // If the loader is null this is a system class, so ask the VM
        if (loader == null)
            return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);

        synchronized(loader) {
            // If the classloader has been initialized with
            // the assertion directives, ask it. Otherwise,
            // ask the VM.
            return (loader.classAssertionStatus == null ?
                    desiredAssertionStatus0(this) :
                    loader.desiredAssertionStatus(getName()));
        }
    }

    // Retrieves the desired assertion status of this class from the VM
    private static native boolean desiredAssertionStatus0(Class clazz);

    /**
     * Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
     * source code.
     *
     * @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
     *     source code
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isEnum() {
        // An enum must both directly extend java.lang.Enum and have
        // the ENUM bit set; classes for specialized enum constants
        // don''t do the former.
        return (this.getModifiers() & ENUM) !!= 0 && 
        this.getSuperclass() == java.lang.Enum.class;
    }

    // Fetches the factory for reflective objects
    private static ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory() {
        if (reflectionFactory == null) {
            reflectionFactory =  (ReflectionFactory)
                java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
                    (new sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory.GetReflectionFactoryAction());
        }
        return reflectionFactory;
    }
    private static ReflectionFactory reflectionFactory;

    // To be able to query system properties as soon as they''re available
    private static boolean initted = false;
    private static void checkInitted() {
        if (initted) return;
        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
                public Object run() {
                    // Tests to ensure the system properties table is fully
                    // initialized. This is needed because reflection code is
                    // called very early in the initialization process (before
                    // command-line arguments have been parsed and therefore
                    // these user-settable properties installed.) We assume that
                    // if System.out is non-null then the System class has been
                    // fully initialized and that the bulk of the startup code
                    // has been run.

                    if (System.out == null) {
                        // java.lang.System not yet fully initialized
                        return null;
                    }

                    String val =
                        System.getProperty("sun.reflect.noCaches");
                    if (val !!= null && val.equals("true")) {
                        useCaches = false;
                    }
          
                    initted = true;
                    return null;
                }
            });
    }

    /**
     * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
     * Class object does not represent an enum type.
     *
     * @return an array containing the values comprising the enum class
     *     represented by this Class object in the order they''re
     *     declared, or null if this Class object does not
     *     represent an enum type
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public T[] getEnumConstants() {
        T[] values = getEnumConstantsShared();
        return (values !!= null) ? values.clone() : null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
     * Class object does not represent an enum type;
     * identical to getEnumConstantsShared except that
     * the result is uncloned, cached, and shared by all callers.
     */
    T[] getEnumConstantsShared() {
        if (enumConstants == null) {
            if (!!isEnum()) return null;
            try {
                final Method values = getMethod("values");
                java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
                    (new java.security.PrivilegedAction() {
                            public Object run() {
                                values.setAccessible(true);
                                return null;
                            }
                        });
                enumConstants = (T[])values.invoke(null);
            }
            // These can happen when users concoct enum-like classes
            // that don''t comply with the enum spec.
            catch (InvocationTargetException ex) { return null; }
            catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { return null; }
            catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { return null; }
        }
        return enumConstants;
    }
    private volatile transient T[] enumConstants = null;

    /**
     * Returns a map from simple name to enum constant.  This package-private
     * method is used internally by Enum to implement 
     *     public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T>, String)
     * efficiently.  Note that the map is returned by this method is
     * created lazily on first use.  Typically it won''t ever get created.
     */
    Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory() {
        if (enumConstantDirectory == null) {
            T[] universe = getEnumConstantsShared();
            if (universe == null)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    getName() + " is not an enum type");
            Map<String, T> m = new HashMap<String, T>(2 * universe.length);
            for (T constant : universe)
                m.put(((Enum)constant).name(), constant);
            enumConstantDirectory = m;
        }
        return enumConstantDirectory;
    }
    private volatile transient Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory = null;

    /**
     * Casts an object to the class or interface represented
     * by this <tt>Class</tt> object.
     *
     * @param obj the object to be cast
     * @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null
     *
     * @throws ClassCastException if the object is not
     * null and is not assignable to the type T.
     *
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public T cast(Object obj) {
        if (obj !!= null && !!isInstance(obj))
            throw new ClassCastException();
        return (T) obj;
    }

    /**
     * Casts this <tt>Class</tt> object to represent a subclass of the class
     * represented by the specified class object.  Checks that that the cast
     * is valid, and throws a <tt>ClassCastException</tt> if it is not.  If
     * this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this class object.
     *
     * <p>This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of
     * a <tt>Class</tt> object to pass it to an API that restricts the
     * <tt>Class</tt> objects that it is willing to accept.  A cast would
     * generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast
     * could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented
     * by erasure).
     *
     * @return this <tt>Class</tt> object, cast to represent a subclass of
     *    the specified class object.
     * @throws ClassCastException if this <tt>Class</tt> object does not
     *    represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes
     *    the class itself).
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
        if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
            return (Class<? extends U>) this;
        else
            throw new ClassCastException(this.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
        if (annotationClass == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();

        initAnnotationsIfNecessary();
        return (A) annotations.get(annotationClass);
    }

    /**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isAnnotationPresent(
        Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {
        if (annotationClass == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();

        return getAnnotation(annotationClass) !!= null;
    }


    /**
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public Annotation[] getAnnotations() { 
        initAnnotationsIfNecessary();
        return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotations);
    }

    /**
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
        initAnnotationsIfNecessary();
        return AnnotationParser.toArray(declaredAnnotations);
    }

    // Annotations cache
    private transient Map<Class, Annotation> annotations;
    private transient Map<Class, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;

    private synchronized void initAnnotationsIfNecessary() {
        clearCachesOnClassRedefinition();
        if (annotations !!= null)
            return;
        declaredAnnotations = AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(
            getRawAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
        Class<?> superClass = getSuperclass();
        if (superClass == null) {
            annotations = declaredAnnotations;
        } else {
            annotations = new HashMap<Class, Annotation>();
            superClass.initAnnotationsIfNecessary();
            for (Map.Entry<Class, Annotation> e : superClass.annotations.entrySet()) {
                Class annotationClass = e.getKey();
                if (AnnotationType.getInstance(annotationClass).isInherited())
                    annotations.put(annotationClass, e.getValue());
            }
            annotations.putAll(declaredAnnotations);
        }
    }

    // Annotation types cache their internal (AnnotationType) form

    private AnnotationType annotationType;

    void setAnnotationType(AnnotationType type) {
        annotationType = type;
    }

    AnnotationType getAnnotationType() {
        return annotationType;
    }
}
'
].
    Transcript showCR: 'java.lang.Class parsed in ', time asString, ' miliseconds'.
    ^ res.

    "Modified: / 30-12-2010 / 11:39:50 / Jan Kurs <kurs.jan@post.cz>"
!

testJavaLangObject6
    | res time |
    time := Time millisecondsToRun: [
    res := self assertParse: '
/*
 * %W% %E%
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2006, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */

package java.lang;

/**
 * Class <code>Object</code> is the root of the class hierarchy. 
 * Every class has <code>Object</code> as a superclass. All objects, 
 * including arrays, implement the methods of this class. 
 *
 * @author  unascribed
 * @version %I%, %G%
 * @see     java.lang.Class
 * @since   JDK1.0
 */
public class Object {

    private static native void registerNatives();
    static {
        registerNatives();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the runtime class of this {@code Object}. The returned
     * {@code Class} object is the object that is locked by {@code
     * static synchronized} methods of the represented class.
     *
     * <p><b>The actual result type is {@code Class<? extends |X|>}
     * where {@code |X|} is the erasure of the static type of the
     * expression on which {@code getClass} is called.</b> For
     * example, no cast is required in this code fragment:</p>
     *
     * <p>
     * {@code Number n = 0;                             }<br>
     * {@code Class<? extends Number> c = n.getClass(); }
     * </p>
     *
     * @return The {@code Class} object that represents the runtime
     *         class of this object.
     * @see    <a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/">The Java
     *         Language Specification, Third Edition (15.8.2 Class
     *         Literals)</a>
     */
    public final native Class<?> getClass();

    /**
     * Returns a hash code value for the object. This method is 
     * supported for the benefit of hashtables such as those provided by 
     * <code>java.util.Hashtable</code>. 
     * <p>
     * The general contract of <code>hashCode</code> is: 
     * <ul>
     * <li>Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during 
     *     an execution of a Java application, the <tt>hashCode</tt> method 
     *     must consistently return the same integer, provided no information 
     *     used in <tt>equals</tt> comparisons on the object is modified.
     *     This integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an
     *     application to another execution of the same application. 
     * <li>If two objects are equal according to the <tt>equals(Object)</tt>
     *     method, then calling the <code>hashCode</code> method on each of 
     *     the two objects must produce the same integer result. 
     * <li>It is <em>not</em> required that if two objects are unequal 
     *     according to the {@link java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)} 
     *     method, then calling the <tt>hashCode</tt> method on each of the 
     *     two objects must produce distinct integer results.  However, the 
     *     programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results 
     *     for unequal objects may improve the performance of hashtables.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * As much as is reasonably practical, the hashCode method defined by 
     * class <tt>Object</tt> does return distinct integers for distinct 
     * objects. (This is typically implemented by converting the internal 
     * address of the object into an integer, but this implementation 
     * technique is not required by the 
     * Java<font size="-2"><sup>TM</sup></font> programming language.)
     *
     * @return  a hash code value for this object.
     * @see     java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
     * @see     java.util.Hashtable
     */
    public native int hashCode();

    /**
     * Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
     * <p>
     * The <code>equals</code> method implements an equivalence relation
     * on non-null object references:
     * <ul>
     * <li>It is <i>reflexive</i>: for any non-null reference value
     *     <code>x</code>, <code>x.equals(x)</code> should return
     *     <code>true</code>.
     * <li>It is <i>symmetric</i>: for any non-null reference values
     *     <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>, <code>x.equals(y)</code>
     *     should return <code>true</code> if and only if
     *     <code>y.equals(x)</code> returns <code>true</code>.
     * <li>It is <i>transitive</i>: for any non-null reference values
     *     <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, and <code>z</code>, if
     *     <code>x.equals(y)</code> returns <code>true</code> and
     *     <code>y.equals(z)</code> returns <code>true</code>, then
     *     <code>x.equals(z)</code> should return <code>true</code>.
     * <li>It is <i>consistent</i>: for any non-null reference values
     *     <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>, multiple invocations of
     *     <tt>x.equals(y)</tt> consistently return <code>true</code>
     *     or consistently return <code>false</code>, provided no
     *     information used in <code>equals</code> comparisons on the
     *     objects is modified.
     * <li>For any non-null reference value <code>x</code>,
     *     <code>x.equals(null)</code> should return <code>false</code>.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * The <tt>equals</tt> method for class <code>Object</code> implements 
     * the most discriminating possible equivalence relation on objects; 
     * that is, for any non-null reference values <code>x</code> and
     * <code>y</code>, this method returns <code>true</code> if and only
     * if <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> refer to the same object
     * (<code>x == y</code> has the value <code>true</code>).
     * <p>
     * Note that it is generally necessary to override the <tt>hashCode</tt>
     * method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the
     * general contract for the <tt>hashCode</tt> method, which states
     * that equal objects must have equal hash codes. 
     *
     * @param   obj   the reference object with which to compare.
     * @return  <code>true</code> if this object is the same as the obj
     *          argument; <code>false</code> otherwise.
     * @see     #hashCode()
     * @see     java.util.Hashtable
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        return (this == obj);
    }

    /**
     * Creates and returns a copy of this object.  The precise meaning 
     * of "copy" may depend on the class of the object. The general 
     * intent is that, for any object <tt>x</tt>, the expression:
     * <blockquote>
     * <pre>
     * x.clone() !!= x</pre></blockquote>
     * will be true, and that the expression:
     * <blockquote>
     * <pre>
     * x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()</pre></blockquote>
     * will be <tt>true</tt>, but these are not absolute requirements. 
     * While it is typically the case that:
     * <blockquote>
     * <pre>
     * x.clone().equals(x)</pre></blockquote>
     * will be <tt>true</tt>, this is not an absolute requirement. 
     * <p>
     * By convention, the returned object should be obtained by calling
     * <tt>super.clone</tt>.  If a class and all of its superclasses (except
     * <tt>Object</tt>) obey this convention, it will be the case that
     * <tt>x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()</tt>.
     * <p>
     * By convention, the object returned by this method should be independent
     * of this object (which is being cloned).  To achieve this independence,
     * it may be necessary to modify one or more fields of the object returned
     * by <tt>super.clone</tt> before returning it.  Typically, this means
     * copying any mutable objects that comprise the internal "deep structure"
     * of the object being cloned and replacing the references to these
     * objects with references to the copies.  If a class contains only
     * primitive fields or references to immutable objects, then it is usually
     * the case that no fields in the object returned by <tt>super.clone</tt>
     * need to be modified.
     * <p>
     * The method <tt>clone</tt> for class <tt>Object</tt> performs a 
     * specific cloning operation. First, if the class of this object does 
     * not implement the interface <tt>Cloneable</tt>, then a 
     * <tt>CloneNotSupportedException</tt> is thrown. Note that all arrays 
     * are considered to implement the interface <tt>Cloneable</tt>. 
     * Otherwise, this method creates a new instance of the class of this 
     * object and initializes all its fields with exactly the contents of 
     * the corresponding fields of this object, as if by assignment; the
     * contents of the fields are not themselves cloned. Thus, this method 
     * performs a "shallow copy" of this object, not a "deep copy" operation.
     * <p>
     * The class <tt>Object</tt> does not itself implement the interface 
     * <tt>Cloneable</tt>, so calling the <tt>clone</tt> method on an object 
     * whose class is <tt>Object</tt> will result in throwing an
     * exception at run time.
     *
     * @return     a clone of this instance.
     * @exception  CloneNotSupportedException  if the object''s class does not
     *               support the <code>Cloneable</code> interface. Subclasses
     *               that override the <code>clone</code> method can also
     *               throw this exception to indicate that an instance cannot
     *               be cloned.
     * @see java.lang.Cloneable
     */
    protected native Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException;

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of the object. In general, the 
     * <code>toString</code> method returns a string that 
     * "textually represents" this object. The result should 
     * be a concise but informative representation that is easy for a 
     * person to read.
     * It is recommended that all subclasses override this method.
     * <p>
     * The <code>toString</code> method for class <code>Object</code> 
     * returns a string consisting of the name of the class of which the 
     * object is an instance, the at-sign character `<code>@</code>`, and 
     * the unsigned hexadecimal representation of the hash code of the 
     * object. In other words, this method returns a string equal to the 
     * value of:
     * <blockquote>
     * <pre>
     * getClass().getName() + `@` + Integer.toHexString(hashCode())
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @return  a string representation of the object.
     */
    public String toString() {
        return getClass().getName() + "@" + Integer.toHexString(hashCode());
    }

    /**
     * Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this objects 
     * monitor. If any threads are waiting on this object, one of them 
     * is chosen to be awakened. The choice is arbitrary and occurs at 
     * the discretion of the implementation. A thread waits on an objects 
     * monitor by calling one of the <code>wait</code> methods.
     * <p>
     * The awakened thread will not be able to proceed until the current 
     * thread relinquishes the lock on this object. The awakened thread will 
     * compete in the usual manner with any other threads that might be 
     * actively competing to synchronize on this object; for example, the 
     * awakened thread enjoys no reliable privilege or disadvantage in being 
     * the next thread to lock this object.
     * <p>
     * This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner 
     * of this object`s monitor. A thread becomes the owner of the 
     * object`s monitor in one of three ways: 
     * <ul>
     * <li>By executing a synchronized instance method of that object. 
     * <li>By executing the body of a <code>synchronized</code> statement 
     *     that synchronizes on the object. 
     * <li>For objects of type <code>Class,</code> by executing a 
     *     synchronized static method of that class. 
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * Only one thread at a time can own an object''s monitor. 
     *
     * @exception  IllegalMonitorStateException  if the current thread is not
     *               the owner of this object''s monitor.
     * @see        java.lang.Object#notifyAll()
     * @see        java.lang.Object#wait()
     */
    public final native void notify();

    /**
     * Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object`s monitor. A 
     * thread waits on an object`s monitor by calling one of the 
     * <code>wait</code> methods.
     * <p>
     * The awakened threads will not be able to proceed until the current 
     * thread relinquishes the lock on this object. The awakened threads 
     * will compete in the usual manner with any other threads that might 
     * be actively competing to synchronize on this object; for example, 
     * the awakened threads enjoy no reliable privilege or disadvantage in 
     * being the next thread to lock this object.
     * <p>
     * This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner 
     * of this object`s monitor. See the <code>notify</code> method for a 
     * description of the ways in which a thread can become the owner of 
     * a monitor. 
     *
     * @exception  IllegalMonitorStateException  if the current thread is not
     *               the owner of this object`s monitor.
     * @see        java.lang.Object#notify()
     * @see        java.lang.Object#wait()
     */
    public final native void notifyAll();

    /**
     * Causes the current thread to wait until either another thread invokes the 
     * {@link java.lang.Object#notify()} method or the 
     * {@link java.lang.Object#notifyAll()} method for this object, or a 
     * specified amount of time has elapsed. 
     * <p>
     * The current thread must own this object`s monitor. 
     * <p>
     * This method causes the current thread (call it <var>T</var>) to 
     * place itself in the wait set for this object and then to relinquish 
     * any and all synchronization claims on this object. Thread <var>T</var> 
     * becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant 
     * until one of four things happens:
     * <ul>
     * <li>Some other thread invokes the <tt>notify</tt> method for this 
     * object and thread <var>T</var> happens to be arbitrarily chosen as 
     * the thread to be awakened. 
     * <li>Some other thread invokes the <tt>notifyAll</tt> method for this 
     * object. 
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt() interrupts} 
     * thread <var>T</var>. 
     * <li>The specified amount of real time has elapsed, more or less.  If 
     * <tt>timeout</tt> is zero, however, then real time is not taken into 
     * consideration and the thread simply waits until notified. 
     * </ul>
     * The thread <var>T</var> is then removed from the wait set for this 
     * object and re-enabled for thread scheduling. It then competes in the 
     * usual manner with other threads for the right to synchronize on the 
     * object; once it has gained control of the object, all its 
     * synchronization claims on the object are restored to the status quo 
     * ante - that is, to the situation as of the time that the <tt>wait</tt> 
     * method was invoked. Thread <var>T</var> then returns from the 
     * invocation of the <tt>wait</tt> method. Thus, on return from the 
     * <tt>wait</tt> method, the synchronization state of the object and of 
     * thread <tt>T</tt> is exactly as it was when the <tt>wait</tt> method 
     * was invoked. 
     * <p>
     * A thread can also wake up without being notified, interrupted, or
     * timing out, a so-called <i>spurious wakeup</i>.  While this will rarely
     * occur in practice, applications must guard against it by testing for
     * the condition that should have caused the thread to be awakened, and
     * continuing to wait if the condition is not satisfied.  In other words,
     * waits should always occur in loops, like this one:
     * <pre>
     *     synchronized (obj) {
     *         while (&lt;condition does not hold&gt;)
     *             obj.wait(timeout);
     *         ... // Perform action appropriate to condition
     *     }
     * </pre>
     * (For more information on this topic, see Section 3.2.3 in Doug Lea`s
     * "Concurrent Programming in Java (Second Edition)" (Addison-Wesley,
     * 2000), or Item 50 in Joshua Bloch`s "Effective Java Programming
     * Language Guide" (Addison-Wesley, 2001).
     *
     * <p>If the current thread is {@linkplain java.lang.Thread#interrupt()
     * interrupted} by any thread before or while it is waiting, then an
     * <tt>InterruptedException</tt> is thrown.  This exception is not
     * thrown until the lock status of this object has been restored as
     * described above.
     *
     * <p>
     * Note that the <tt>wait</tt> method, as it places the current thread 
     * into the wait set for this object, unlocks only this object; any 
     * other objects on which the current thread may be synchronized remain 
     * locked while the thread waits.
     * <p>
     * This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner 
     * of this object`s monitor. See the <code>notify</code> method for a 
     * description of the ways in which a thread can become the owner of 
     * a monitor. 
     *
     * @param      timeout   the maximum time to wait in milliseconds.
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException      if the value of timeout is
     *               negative.
     * @exception  IllegalMonitorStateException  if the current thread is not
     *               the owner of the object`s monitor.
     * @exception  InterruptedException if any thread interrupted the
     *             current thread before or while the current thread
     *             was waiting for a notification.  The <i>interrupted
     *             status</i> of the current thread is cleared when
     *             this exception is thrown.
     * @see        java.lang.Object#notify()
     * @see        java.lang.Object#notifyAll()
     */
    public final native void wait(long timeout) throws InterruptedException;

    /**
     * Causes the current thread to wait until another thread invokes the 
     * {@link java.lang.Object#notify()} method or the 
     * {@link java.lang.Object#notifyAll()} method for this object, or 
     * some other thread interrupts the current thread, or a certain 
     * amount of real time has elapsed. 
     * <p>
     * This method is similar to the <code>wait</code> method of one 
     * argument, but it allows finer control over the amount of time to 
     * wait for a notification before giving up. The amount of real time, 
     * measured in nanoseconds, is given by:
     * <blockquote>
     * <pre>
     * 1000000*timeout+nanos</pre></blockquote>
     * <p>
     * In all other respects, this method does the same thing as the 
     * method {@link #wait(long)} of one argument. In particular, 
     * <tt>wait(0, 0)</tt> means the same thing as <tt>wait(0)</tt>.
     * <p>
     * The current thread must own this object`s monitor. The thread 
     * releases ownership of this monitor and waits until either of the 
     * following two conditions has occurred: 
     * <ul>
     * <li>Another thread notifies threads waiting on this object`s monitor 
     *     to wake up either through a call to the <code>notify</code> method 
     *     or the <code>notifyAll</code> method. 
     * <li>The timeout period, specified by <code>timeout</code> 
     *     milliseconds plus <code>nanos</code> nanoseconds arguments, has 
     *     elapsed. 
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * The thread then waits until it can re-obtain ownership of the 
     * monitor and resumes execution.
     * <p>
     * As in the one argument version, interrupts and spurious wakeups are
     * possible, and this method should always be used in a loop:
     * <pre>
     *     synchronized (obj) {
     *         while (&lt;condition does not hold&gt;)
     *             obj.wait(timeout, nanos);
     *         ... // Perform action appropriate to condition
     *     }
     * </pre>
     * This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner 
     * of this object`s monitor. See the <code>notify</code> method for a 
     * description of the ways in which a thread can become the owner of 
     * a monitor. 
     *
     * @param      timeout   the maximum time to wait in milliseconds.
     * @param      nanos      additional time, in nanoseconds range
     *                       0-999999.
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException      if the value of timeout is
     *                      negative or the value of nanos is
     *                      not in the range 0-999999.
     * @exception  IllegalMonitorStateException  if the current thread is not
     *               the owner of this object`s monitor.
     * @exception  InterruptedException if any thread interrupted the
     *             current thread before or while the current thread
     *             was waiting for a notification.  The <i>interrupted
     *             status</i> of the current thread is cleared when
     *             this exception is thrown.
     */
    public final void wait(long timeout, int nanos) throws InterruptedException {
        if (timeout < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
        }

        if (nanos < 0 || nanos > 999999) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                "nanosecond timeout value out of range");
        }

        if (nanos >= 500000 || (nanos !!= 0 && timeout == 0)) {
            timeout++;
        }

        wait(timeout);
    }

    /**
     * Causes the current thread to wait until another thread invokes the 
     * {@link java.lang.Object#notify()} method or the 
     * {@link java.lang.Object#notifyAll()} method for this object. 
     * In other words, this method behaves exactly as if it simply 
     * performs the call <tt>wait(0)</tt>.
     * <p>
     * The current thread must own this object`s monitor. The thread 
     * releases ownership of this monitor and waits until another thread 
     * notifies threads waiting on this object`s monitor to wake up 
     * either through a call to the <code>notify</code> method or the 
     * <code>notifyAll</code> method. The thread then waits until it can 
     * re-obtain ownership of the monitor and resumes execution. 
     * <p>
     * As in the one argument version, interrupts and spurious wakeups are
     * possible, and this method should always be used in a loop:
     * <pre>
     *     synchronized (obj) {
     *         while (&lt;condition does not hold&gt;)
     *             obj.wait();
     *         ... // Perform action appropriate to condition
     *     }
     * </pre>
     * This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner 
     * of this object`s monitor. See the <code>notify</code> method for a 
     * description of the ways in which a thread can become the owner of 
     * a monitor. 
     *
     * @exception  IllegalMonitorStateException  if the current thread is not
     *               the owner of the object`s monitor.
     * @exception  InterruptedException if any thread interrupted the
     *             current thread before or while the current thread
     *             was waiting for a notification.  The <i>interrupted
     *             status</i> of the current thread is cleared when
     *             this exception is thrown.
     * @see        java.lang.Object#notify()
     * @see        java.lang.Object#notifyAll()
     */
    public final void wait() throws InterruptedException {
        wait(0);
    }

    /**
     * Called by the garbage collector on an object when garbage collection
     * determines that there are no more references to the object.
     * A subclass overrides the <code>finalize</code> method to dispose of
     * system resources or to perform other cleanup. 
     * <p>
     * The general contract of <tt>finalize</tt> is that it is invoked 
     * if and when the Java<font size="-2"><sup>TM</sup></font> virtual 
     * machine has determined that there is no longer any
     * means by which this object can be accessed by any thread that has
     * not yet died, except as a result of an action taken by the
     * finalization of some other object or class which is ready to be
     * finalized. The <tt>finalize</tt> method may take any action, including
     * making this object available again to other threads; the usual purpose
     * of <tt>finalize</tt>, however, is to perform cleanup actions before 
     * the object is irrevocably discarded. For example, the finalize method 
     * for an object that represents an input/output connection might perform
     * explicit I/O transactions to break the connection before the object is
     * permanently discarded. 
     * <p>
     * The <tt>finalize</tt> method of class <tt>Object</tt> performs no 
     * special action; it simply returns normally. Subclasses of 
     * <tt>Object</tt> may override this definition.
     * <p>
     * The Java programming language does not guarantee which thread will 
     * invoke the <tt>finalize</tt> method for any given object. It is 
     * guaranteed, however, that the thread that invokes finalize will not 
     * be holding any user-visible synchronization locks when finalize is 
     * invoked. If an uncaught exception is thrown by the finalize method, 
     * the exception is ignored and finalization of that object terminates.
     * <p>
     * After the <tt>finalize</tt> method has been invoked for an object, no 
     * further action is taken until the Java virtual machine has again 
     * determined that there is no longer any means by which this object can 
     * be accessed by any thread that has not yet died, including possible
     * actions by other objects or classes which are ready to be finalized, 
     * at which point the object may be discarded.
     * <p>
     * The <tt>finalize</tt> method is never invoked more than once by a Java
     * virtual machine for any given object.
     * <p>
     * Any exception thrown by the <code>finalize</code> method causes 
     * the finalization of this object to be halted, but is otherwise 
     * ignored. 
     *
     * @throws Throwable the <code>Exception</code> raised by this method
     */
    protected void finalize() throws Throwable { }
}
        '
].
    Transcript showCR: 'java.lang.Object parsed in ', time asString, ' miliseconds'.
    ^ res.

    "Modified: / 30-12-2010 / 11:39:56 / Jan Kurs <kurs.jan@post.cz>"
!

testJavaLangSystem6
    | res time |
    time := Time millisecondsToRun: [
    res := self assertParse: '
/*
 * %W% %E%
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2006, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */
package java.lang;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.PropertyPermission;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.security.AllPermission;
import java.nio.channels.Channel;
import java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider;
import sun.nio.ch.Interruptible;
import sun.reflect.Reflection;
import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
import sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationType;

/**
 * The <code>System</code> class contains several useful class fields
 * and methods. It cannot be instantiated.
 *
 * <p>Among the facilities provided by the <code>System</code> class
 * are standard input, standard output, and error output streams;
 * access to externally defined properties and environment
 * variables; a means of loading files and libraries; and a utility
 * method for quickly copying a portion of an array.
 *
 * @author  unascribed
 * @version 1.162, 04/01/09
 * @since   JDK1.0
 */
public final class System {

    /* First thing---register the natives */
    private static native void registerNatives();
    static {
        registerNatives();
    }

    /** Don''t let anyone instantiate this class */
    private System() {
    }

    /**
     * The "standard" input stream. This stream is already
     * open and ready to supply input data. Typically this stream
     * corresponds to keyboard input or another input source specified by
     * the host environment or user.
     */
    public final static InputStream in = nullInputStream();

    /**
     * The "standard" output stream. This stream is already
     * open and ready to accept output data. Typically this stream
     * corresponds to display output or another output destination
     * specified by the host environment or user.
     * <p>
     * For simple stand-alone Java applications, a typical way to write
     * a line of output data is:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *     System.out.println(data)
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * <p>
     * See the <code>println</code> methods in class <code>PrintStream</code>.
     *
     * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println()
     * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(boolean)
     * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(char)
     * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(char[])
     * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(double)
     * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(float)
     * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(int)
     * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(long)
     * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(java.lang.Object)
     * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(java.lang.String)
     */
    public final static PrintStream out = nullPrintStream();

    /**
     * The "standard" error output stream. This stream is already
     * open and ready to accept output data.
     * <p>
     * Typically this stream corresponds to display output or another
     * output destination specified by the host environment or user. By
     * convention, this output stream is used to display error messages
     * or other information that should come to the immediate attention
     * of a user even if the principal output stream, the value of the
     * variable <code>out</code>, has been redirected to a file or other
     * destination that is typically not continuously monitored.
     */
    public final static PrintStream err = nullPrintStream();

    /* The security manager for the system.
     */
    private static volatile SecurityManager security = null;

    /**
     * Reassigns the "standard" input stream.
     *
     * <p>First, if there is a security manager, its <code>checkPermission</code>
     * method is called with a <code>RuntimePermission("setIO")</code> permission
     *  to see if it''s ok to reassign the "standard" input stream.
     * <p>
     *
     * @param in the new standard input stream.
     *
     * @throws SecurityException
     *        if a security manager exists and its
     *        <code>checkPermission</code> method doesn''t allow
     *        reassigning of the standard input stream.
     *
     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
     * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
     *
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    public static void setIn(InputStream in) {
        checkIO();
        setIn0(in);
    }

    /**
     * Reassigns the "standard" output stream.
     *
     * <p>First, if there is a security manager, its <code>checkPermission</code>
     * method is called with a <code>RuntimePermission("setIO")</code> permission
     *  to see if it''s ok to reassign the "standard" output stream.
     *
     * @param out the new standard output stream
     *
     * @throws SecurityException
     *        if a security manager exists and its
     *        <code>checkPermission</code> method doesn''t allow
     *        reassigning of the standard output stream.
     *
     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
     * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
     *
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    public static void setOut(PrintStream out) {
        checkIO();
        setOut0(out);
    }

    /**
     * Reassigns the "standard" error output stream.
     *
     * <p>First, if there is a security manager, its <code>checkPermission</code>
     * method is called with a <code>RuntimePermission("setIO")</code> permission
     *  to see if it''s ok to reassign the "standard" error output stream.
     *
     * @param err the new standard error output stream.
     *
     * @throws SecurityException
     *        if a security manager exists and its
     *        <code>checkPermission</code> method doesn''t allow
     *        reassigning of the standard error output stream.
     *
     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
     * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
     *
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    public static void setErr(PrintStream err) {
        checkIO();
        setErr0(err);
    }

    private static volatile Console cons = null;
    /**
     * Returns the unique {@link java.io.Console Console} object associated
     * with the current Java virtual machine, if any.
     *
     * @return  The system console, if any, otherwise <tt>null</tt>.
     *
     * @since   1.6
     */
     public static Console console() {
         if (cons == null) {
             synchronized (System.class) {
                 cons = sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaIOAccess().console();
             }
         }
         return cons;
     }

    /** 
     * Returns the channel inherited from the entity that created this
     * Java virtual machine.
     *
     * <p> This method returns the channel obtained by invoking the
     * {@link java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider#inheritedChannel
     * inheritedChannel} method of the system-wide default
     * {@link java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider} object. </p>
     *
     * <p> In addition to the network-oriented channels described in
     * {@link java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider#inheritedChannel
     * inheritedChannel}, this method may return other kinds of
     * channels in the future.
     *
     * @return  The inherited channel, if any, otherwise <tt>null</tt>.
     *
     * @throws  IOException
     *          If an I/O error occurs
     *
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          If a security manager is present and it does not
     *          permit access to the channel.
     *
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public static Channel inheritedChannel() throws IOException {
        return SelectorProvider.provider().inheritedChannel();
    }

    private static void checkIO() {
        SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
        if (sm !!= null) {
            sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setIO"));
        }
    }

    private static native void setIn0(InputStream in);
    private static native void setOut0(PrintStream out);
    private static native void setErr0(PrintStream err);

    /**
     * Sets the System security.
     *
     * <p> If there is a security manager already installed, this method first
     * calls the security manager''s <code>checkPermission</code> method
     * with a <code>RuntimePermission("setSecurityManager")</code>
     * permission to ensure it''s ok to replace the existing
     * security manager.
     * This may result in throwing a <code>SecurityException</code>.
     *
     * <p> Otherwise, the argument is established as the current
     * security manager. If the argument is <code>null</code> and no
     * security manager has been established, then no action is taken and
     * the method simply returns.
     *
     * @param      s   the security manager.
     * @exception  SecurityException  if the security manager has already
     *             been set and its <code>checkPermission</code> method
     *             doesn''t allow it to be replaced.
     * @see #getSecurityManager
     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
     * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
     */
    public static
    void setSecurityManager(final SecurityManager s) {
        try {
            s.checkPackageAccess("java.lang");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // no-op
        }
        setSecurityManager0(s);
    }

    private static synchronized
    void setSecurityManager0(final SecurityManager s) {
        SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
        if (sm !!= null) {
            // ask the currently installed security manager if we
            // can replace it.
            sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission
                                     ("setSecurityManager"));
        }

        if ((s !!= null) && (s.getClass().getClassLoader() !!= null)) {
            // New security manager class is not on bootstrap classpath.
            // Cause policy to get initialized before we install the new
            // security manager, in order to prevent infinite loops when
            // trying to initialize the policy (which usually involves
            // accessing some security and/or system properties, which in turn
            // calls the installed security manager''s checkPermission method
            // which will loop infinitely if there is a non-system class
            // (in this case: the new security manager class) on the stack).
            AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
                public Object run() {
                    s.getClass().getProtectionDomain().implies
                        (SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
                    return null;
                }
            });
        }

        security = s;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the system security interface.
     *
     * @return  if a security manager has already been established for the
     *          current application, then that security manager is returned;
     *          otherwise, <code>null</code> is returned.
     * @see     #setSecurityManager
     */
    public static SecurityManager getSecurityManager() {
        return security;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current time in milliseconds.  Note that
     * while the unit of time of the return value is a millisecond,
     * the granularity of the value depends on the underlying
     * operating system and may be larger.  For example, many
     * operating systems measure time in units of tens of
     * milliseconds.
     *
     * <p> See the description of the class <code>Date</code> for
     * a discussion of slight discrepancies that may arise between
     * "computer time" and coordinated universal time (UTC).
     *
     * @return  the difference, measured in milliseconds, between
     *          the current time and midnight, January 1, 1970 UTC.
     * @see     java.util.Date
     */
    public static native long currentTimeMillis();

    /**
     * Returns the current value of the most precise available system
     * timer, in nanoseconds.
     *
     * <p>This method can only be used to measure elapsed time and is
     * not related to any other notion of system or wall-clock time.
     * The value returned represents nanoseconds since some fixed but
     * arbitrary time (perhaps in the future, so values may be
     * negative).  This method provides nanosecond precision, but not
     * necessarily nanosecond accuracy. No guarantees are made about
     * how frequently values change. Differences in successive calls
     * that span greater than approximately 292 years (2<sup>63</sup>
     * nanoseconds) will not accurately compute elapsed time due to
     * numerical overflow.
     *
     * <p> For example, to measure how long some code takes to execute:
     * <pre>
     *   long startTime = System.nanoTime();
     *   // ... the code being measured ...
     *   long estimatedTime = System.nanoTime() - startTime;
     * </pre>
     * 
     * @return The current value of the system timer, in nanoseconds.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public static native long nanoTime();

    /**
     * Copies an array from the specified source array, beginning at the
     * specified position, to the specified position of the destination array.
     * A subsequence of array components are copied from the source
     * array referenced by <code>src</code> to the destination array
     * referenced by <code>dest</code>. The number of components copied is
     * equal to the <code>length</code> argument. The components at
     * positions <code>srcPos</code> through
     * <code>srcPos+length-1</code> in the source array are copied into
     * positions <code>destPos</code> through
     * <code>destPos+length-1</code>, respectively, of the destination
     * array.
     * <p>
     * If the <code>src</code> and <code>dest</code> arguments refer to the
     * same array object, then the copying is performed as if the
     * components at positions <code>srcPos</code> through
     * <code>srcPos+length-1</code> were first copied to a temporary
     * array with <code>length</code> components and then the contents of
     * the temporary array were copied into positions
     * <code>destPos</code> through <code>destPos+length-1</code> of the
     * destination array.
     * <p>
     * If <code>dest</code> is <code>null</code>, then a
     * <code>NullPointerException</code> is thrown.
     * <p>
     * If <code>src</code> is <code>null</code>, then a
     * <code>NullPointerException</code> is thrown and the destination
     * array is not modified.
     * <p>
     * Otherwise, if any of the following is true, an
     * <code>ArrayStoreException</code> is thrown and the destination is
     * not modified:
     * <ul>
     * <li>The <code>src</code> argument refers to an object that is not an
     *     array.
     * <li>The <code>dest</code> argument refers to an object that is not an
     *     array.
     * <li>The <code>src</code> argument and <code>dest</code> argument refer
     *     to arrays whose component types are different primitive types.
     * <li>The <code>src</code> argument refers to an array with a primitive
     *    component type and the <code>dest</code> argument refers to an array
     *     with a reference component type.
     * <li>The <code>src</code> argument refers to an array with a reference
     *    component type and the <code>dest</code> argument refers to an array
     *     with a primitive component type.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * Otherwise, if any of the following is true, an
     * <code>IndexOutOfBoundsException</code> is
     * thrown and the destination is not modified:
     * <ul>
     * <li>The <code>srcPos</code> argument is negative.
     * <li>The <code>destPos</code> argument is negative.
     * <li>The <code>length</code> argument is negative.
     * <li><code>srcPos+length</code> is greater than
     *     <code>src.length</code>, the length of the source array.
     * <li><code>destPos+length</code> is greater than
     *     <code>dest.length</code>, the length of the destination array.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * Otherwise, if any actual component of the source array from
     * position <code>srcPos</code> through
     * <code>srcPos+length-1</code> cannot be converted to the component
     * type of the destination array by assignment conversion, an
     * <code>ArrayStoreException</code> is thrown. In this case, let
     * <b><i>k</i></b> be the smallest nonnegative integer less than
     * length such that <code>src[srcPos+</code><i>k</i><code>]</code>
     * cannot be converted to the component type of the destination
     * array; when the exception is thrown, source array components from
     * positions <code>srcPos</code> through
     * <code>srcPos+</code><i>k</i><code>-1</code>
     * will already have been copied to destination array positions
     * <code>destPos</code> through
     * <code>destPos+</code><i>k</I><code>-1</code> and no other
     * positions of the destination array will have been modified.
     * (Because of the restrictions already itemized, this
     * paragraph effectively applies only to the situation where both
     * arrays have component types that are reference types.)
     *
     * @param      src      the source array.
     * @param      srcPos   starting position in the source array.
     * @param      dest     the destination array.
     * @param      destPos  starting position in the destination data.
     * @param      length   the number of array elements to be copied.
     * @exception  IndexOutOfBoundsException  if copying would cause
     *               access of data outside array bounds.
     * @exception  ArrayStoreException  if an element in the <code>src</code>
     *               array could not be stored into the <code>dest</code> array
     *               because of a type mismatch.
     * @exception  NullPointerException if either <code>src</code> or
     *               <code>dest</code> is <code>null</code>.
     */
    public static native void arraycopy(Object src,  int  srcPos,
                                        Object dest, int destPos,
                                        int length);

    /**
     * Returns the same hash code for the given object as
     * would be returned by the default method hashCode(),
     * whether or not the given object''s class overrides
     * hashCode().
     * The hash code for the null reference is zero.
     *
     * @param x object for which the hashCode is to be calculated
     * @return  the hashCode
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    public static native int identityHashCode(Object x);

    /**
     * System properties. The following properties are guaranteed to be defined:
     * <dl>
     * <dt>java.version         <dd>Java version number
     * <dt>java.vendor          <dd>Java vendor specific string
     * <dt>java.vendor.url      <dd>Java vendor URL
     * <dt>java.home            <dd>Java installation directory
     * <dt>java.class.version   <dd>Java class version number
     * <dt>java.class.path      <dd>Java classpath
     * <dt>os.name              <dd>Operating System Name
     * <dt>os.arch              <dd>Operating System Architecture
     * <dt>os.version           <dd>Operating System Version
     * <dt>file.separator       <dd>File separator ("/" on Unix)
     * <dt>path.separator       <dd>Path separator (":" on Unix)
     * <dt>line.separator       <dd>Line separator ("\n" on Unix)
     * <dt>user.name            <dd>User account name
     * <dt>user.home            <dd>User home directory
     * <dt>user.dir             <dd>User''s current working directory
     * </dl>
     */

    private static Properties props;
    private static native Properties initProperties(Properties props);

    /**
     * Determines the current system properties.
     * <p>
     * First, if there is a security manager, its
     * <code>checkPropertiesAccess</code> method is called with no
     * arguments. This may result in a security exception.
     * <p>
     * The current set of system properties for use by the 
     * {@link #getProperty(String)} method is returned as a 
     * <code>Properties</code> object. If there is no current set of 
     * system properties, a set of system properties is first created and 
     * initialized. This set of system properties always includes values 
     * for the following keys: 
     * <table summary="Shows property keys and associated values">
     * <tr><th>Key</th>
     *     <th>Description of Associated Value</th></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.version</code></td>
     *     <td>Java Runtime Environment version</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.vendor</code></td>
     *     <td>Java Runtime Environment vendor</td></tr
     * <tr><td><code>java.vendor.url</code></td>
     *     <td>Java vendor URL</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.home</code></td>
     *     <td>Java installation directory</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.vm.specification.version</code></td>
     *     <td>Java Virtual Machine specification version</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.vm.specification.vendor</code></td>
     *     <td>Java Virtual Machine specification vendor</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.vm.specification.name</code></td>
     *     <td>Java Virtual Machine specification name</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.vm.version</code></td>
     *     <td>Java Virtual Machine implementation version</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.vm.vendor</code></td>
     *     <td>Java Virtual Machine implementation vendor</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.vm.name</code></td>
     *     <td>Java Virtual Machine implementation name</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.specification.version</code></td>
     *     <td>Java Runtime Environment specification  version</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.specification.vendor</code></td>
     *     <td>Java Runtime Environment specification  vendor</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.specification.name</code></td>
     *     <td>Java Runtime Environment specification  name</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.class.version</code></td>
     *     <td>Java class format version number</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.class.path</code></td>
     *     <td>Java class path</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.library.path</code></td>
     *     <td>List of paths to search when loading libraries</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.io.tmpdir</code></td>
     *     <td>Default temp file path</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.compiler</code></td>
     *     <td>Name of JIT compiler to use</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>java.ext.dirs</code></td>
     *     <td>Path of extension directory or directories</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>os.name</code></td>
     *     <td>Operating system name</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>os.arch</code></td>
     *     <td>Operating system architecture</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>os.version</code></td>
     *     <td>Operating system version</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>file.separator</code></td>
     *     <td>File separator ("/" on UNIX)</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>path.separator</code></td>
     *     <td>Path separator (":" on UNIX)</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>line.separator</code></td>
     *     <td>Line separator ("\n" on UNIX)</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>user.name</code></td>
     *     <td>User''s account name</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>user.home</code></td>
     *     <td>User''s home directory</td></tr>
     * <tr><td><code>user.dir</code></td>
     *     <td>User''s current working directory</td></tr>
     * </table>
     * <p>
     * Multiple paths in a system property value are separated by the path
     * separator character of the platform.
     * <p>
     * Note that even if the security manager does not permit the
     * <code>getProperties</code> operation, it may choose to permit the
     * {@link #getProperty(String)} operation.
     *
     * @return     the system properties
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *             <code>checkPropertiesAccess</code> method doesn''t allow access
     *              to the system properties.
     * @see        #setProperties
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertiesAccess()
     * @see        java.util.Properties
     */
    public static Properties getProperties() {
        SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
        if (sm !!= null) {
            sm.checkPropertiesAccess();
        }

        return props;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the system properties to the <code>Properties</code>
     * argument.
     * <p>
     * First, if there is a security manager, its
     * <code>checkPropertiesAccess</code> method is called with no
     * arguments. This may result in a security exception.
     * <p>
     * The argument becomes the current set of system properties for use
     * by the {@link #getProperty(String)} method. If the argument is
     * <code>null</code>, then the current set of system properties is
     * forgotten.
     *
     * @param      props   the new system properties.
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *             <code>checkPropertiesAccess</code> method doesn''t allow access
     *              to the system properties.
     * @see        #getProperties
     * @see        java.util.Properties
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertiesAccess()
     */
    public static void setProperties(Properties props) {
        SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
        if (sm !!= null) {
            sm.checkPropertiesAccess();
        }
        if (props == null) {
            props = new Properties();
            initProperties(props);
        }
        System.props = props;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the system property indicated by the specified key.
     * <p>
     * First, if there is a security manager, its
     * <code>checkPropertyAccess</code> method is called with the key as
     * its argument. This may result in a SecurityException.
     * <p>
     * If there is no current set of system properties, a set of system
     * properties is first created and initialized in the same manner as
     * for the <code>getProperties</code> method.
     *
     * @param      key   the name of the system property.
     * @return     the string value of the system property,
     *             or <code>null</code> if there is no property with that key.
     *
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *             <code>checkPropertyAccess</code> method doesn''t allow
     *              access to the specified system property.
     * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>key</code> is
     *             <code>null</code>.
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException if <code>key</code> is empty.
     * @see        #setProperty
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertyAccess(java.lang.String)
     * @see        java.lang.System#getProperties()
     */
    public static String getProperty(String key) {
        checkKey(key);
        SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
        if (sm !!= null) {
            sm.checkPropertyAccess(key);
        }

        return props.getProperty(key);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the system property indicated by the specified key.
     * <p>
     * First, if there is a security manager, its
     * <code>checkPropertyAccess</code> method is called with the
     * <code>key</code> as its argument.
     * <p>
     * If there is no current set of system properties, a set of system
     * properties is first created and initialized in the same manner as
     * for the <code>getProperties</code> method.
     *
     * @param      key   the name of the system property.
     * @param      def   a default value.
     * @return     the string value of the system property,
     *             or the default value if there is no property with that key.
     *
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *             <code>checkPropertyAccess</code> method doesn''t allow
     *             access to the specified system property.
     * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>key</code> is
     *             <code>null</code>.
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException if <code>key</code> is empty.
     * @see        #setProperty
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertyAccess(java.lang.String)
     * @see        java.lang.System#getProperties()
     */
    public static String getProperty(String key, String def) {
        checkKey(key);
        SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
        if (sm !!= null) {
            sm.checkPropertyAccess(key);
        }

        return props.getProperty(key, def);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the system property indicated by the specified key.
     * <p>
     * First, if a security manager exists, its
     * <code>SecurityManager.checkPermission</code> method
     * is called with a <code>PropertyPermission(key, "write")</code>
     * permission. This may result in a SecurityException being thrown.
     * If no exception is thrown, the specified property is set to the given
     * value.
     * <p>
     *
     * @param      key   the name of the system property.
     * @param      value the value of the system property.
     * @return     the previous value of the system property,
     *             or <code>null</code> if it did not have one.
     *
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *             <code>checkPermission</code> method doesn''t allow
     *             setting of the specified property.
     * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>key</code> or 
     *             <code>value</code> is <code>null</code>.
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException if <code>key</code> is empty.
     * @see        #getProperty
     * @see        java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String)
     * @see        java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
     * @see        java.util.PropertyPermission
     * @see        SecurityManager#checkPermission
     * @since      1.2
     */
    public static String setProperty(String key, String value) {
        checkKey(key);
        SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
        if (sm !!= null) {
            sm.checkPermission(new PropertyPermission(key,
                SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_WRITE_ACTION));
        }

        return (String) props.setProperty(key, value);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the system property indicated by the specified key. 
     * <p>
     * First, if a security manager exists, its 
     * <code>SecurityManager.checkPermission</code> method
     * is called with a <code>PropertyPermission(key, "write")</code>
     * permission. This may result in a SecurityException being thrown.
     * If no exception is thrown, the specified property is removed.
     * <p>
     *
     * @param      key   the name of the system property to be removed. 
     * @return     the previous string value of the system property,
     *             or <code>null</code> if there was no property with that key.
     *
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its  
     *             <code>checkPropertyAccess</code> method doesn''t allow
     *              access to the specified system property.
     * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>key</code> is
     *             <code>null</code>.
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException if <code>key</code> is empty.
     * @see        #getProperty
     * @see        #setProperty
     * @see        java.util.Properties
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertiesAccess()
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public static String clearProperty(String key) {
        checkKey(key);
        SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
        if (sm !!= null) {
            sm.checkPermission(new PropertyPermission(key, "write"));
        }

        return (String) props.remove(key);
    }

    private static void checkKey(String key) {
        if (key == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("key can''t be null");
        }
        if (key.equals("")) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("key can''t be empty");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of the specified environment variable. An
     * environment variable is a system-dependent external named
     * value.
     *
     * <p>If a security manager exists, its
     * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission checkPermission}
     * method is called with a
     * <code>{@link RuntimePermission}("getenv."+name)</code>
     * permission.  This may result in a {@link SecurityException}
     * being thrown.  If no exception is thrown the value of the
     * variable <code>name</code> is returned.
     *
     * <p><a name="EnvironmentVSSystemProperties"><i>System
     * properties</i> and <i>environment variables</i></a> are both
     * conceptually mappings between names and values.  Both
     * mechanisms can be used to pass user-defined information to a
     * Java process.  Environment variables have a more global effect,
     * because they are visible to all descendants of the process
     * which defines them, not just the immediate Java subprocess.
     * They can have subtly different semantics, such as case
     * insensitivity, on different operating systems.  For these
     * reasons, environment variables are more likely to have
     * unintended side effects.  It is best to use system properties
     * where possible.  Environment variables should be used when a
     * global effect is desired, or when an external system interface
     * requires an environment variable (such as <code>PATH</code>).
     *
     * <p>On UNIX systems the alphabetic case of <code>name</code> is
     * typically significant, while on Microsoft Windows systems it is
     * typically not.  For example, the expression
     * <code>System.getenv("FOO").equals(System.getenv("foo"))</code>
     * is likely to be true on Microsoft Windows.
     *
     * @param  name the name of the environment variable
     * @return the string value of the variable, or <code>null</code>
     *         if the variable is not defined in the system environment
     * @throws NullPointerException if <code>name</code> is <code>null</code>
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         if a security manager exists and its
     *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission checkPermission}
     *         method doesn''t allow access to the environment variable
     *         <code>name</code>
     * @see    #getenv()
     * @see    ProcessBuilder#environment()
     */
    public static String getenv(String name) {
        SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
        if (sm !!= null) {
            sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getenv."+name));
        }

        return ProcessEnvironment.getenv(name);
    }

    
    /**
     * Returns an unmodifiable string map view of the current system environment.
     * The environment is a system-dependent mapping from names to
     * values which is passed from parent to child processes.
     *
     * <p>If the system does not support environment variables, an
     * empty map is returned.
     *
     * <p>The returned map will never contain null keys or values.
     * Attempting to query the presence of a null key or value will
     * throw a {@link NullPointerException}.  Attempting to query
     * the presence of a key or value which is not of type
     * {@link String} will throw a {@link ClassCastException}.
     *
     * <p>The returned map and its collection views may not obey the
     * general contract of the {@link Object#equals} and
     * {@link Object#hashCode} methods.
     *
     * <p>The returned map is typically case-sensitive on all platforms.
     *
     * <p>If a security manager exists, its
     * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission checkPermission}
     * method is called with a
     * <code>{@link RuntimePermission}("getenv.*")</code>
     * permission.  This may result in a {@link SecurityException} being
     * thrown.
     *
     * <p>When passing information to a Java subprocess,
     * <a href=#EnvironmentVSSystemProperties>system properties</a>
     * are generally preferred over environment variables.
     *
     * @return the environment as a map of variable names to values
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         if a security manager exists and its
     *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission checkPermission}
     *         method doesn''t allow access to the process environment
     * @see    #getenv(String)
     * @see    ProcessBuilder#environment()
     * @since  1.5
     */
    public static java.util.Map<String,String> getenv() {
        SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
        if (sm !!= null) {
            sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getenv.*"));
        }

        return ProcessEnvironment.getenv();
    }

    /**
     * Terminates the currently running Java Virtual Machine. The
     * argument serves as a status code; by convention, a nonzero status
     * code indicates abnormal termination.
     * <p>
     * This method calls the <code>exit</code> method in class
     * <code>Runtime</code>. This method never returns normally.
     * <p>
     * The call <code>System.exit(n)</code> is effectively equivalent to
     * the call:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * Runtime.getRuntime().exit(n)
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @param      status   exit status.
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *        if a security manager exists and its <code>checkExit</code>
     *        method doesn''t allow exit with the specified status.
     * @see        java.lang.Runtime#exit(int)
     */
    public static void exit(int status) {
        Runtime.getRuntime().exit(status);
    }

    /**
     * Runs the garbage collector.
     * <p>
     * Calling the <code>gc</code> method suggests that the Java Virtual
     * Machine expend effort toward recycling unused objects in order to
     * make the memory they currently occupy available for quick reuse.
     * When control returns from the method call, the Java Virtual
     * Machine has made a best effort to reclaim space from all discarded
     * objects.
     * <p>
     * The call <code>System.gc()</code> is effectively equivalent to the
     * call:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * Runtime.getRuntime().gc()
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @see     java.lang.Runtime#gc()
     */
    public static void gc() {
        Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
    }

    /**
     * Runs the finalization methods of any objects pending finalization.
     * <p>
     * Calling this method suggests that the Java Virtual Machine expend
     * effort toward running the <code>finalize</code> methods of objects
     * that have been found to be discarded but whose <code>finalize</code>
     * methods have not yet been run. When control returns from the
     * method call, the Java Virtual Machine has made a best effort to
     * complete all outstanding finalizations.
     * <p>
     * The call <code>System.runFinalization()</code> is effectively
     * equivalent to the call:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalization()
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @see     java.lang.Runtime#runFinalization()
     */
    public static void runFinalization() {
        Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalization();
    }

    /**
     * Enable or disable finalization on exit; doing so specifies that the
     * finalizers of all objects that have finalizers that have not yet been
     * automatically invoked are to be run before the Java runtime exits.
     * By default, finalization on exit is disabled.
     *
     * <p>If there is a security manager,
     * its <code>checkExit</code> method is first called
     * with 0 as its argument to ensure the exit is allowed.
     * This could result in a SecurityException.
     *
     * @deprecated  This method is inherently unsafe.  It may result in
     *      finalizers being called on live objects while other threads are
     *      concurrently manipulating those objects, resulting in erratic
     *      behavior or deadlock.
     * @param value indicating enabling or disabling of finalization
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *        if a security manager exists and its <code>checkExit</code>
     *        method doesn''t allow the exit.
     *
     * @see     java.lang.Runtime#exit(int)
     * @see     java.lang.Runtime#gc()
     * @see     java.lang.SecurityManager#checkExit(int)
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static void runFinalizersOnExit(boolean value) {
        Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalizersOnExit(value);
    }

    /**
     * Loads a code file with the specified filename from the local file
     * system as a dynamic library. The filename
     * argument must be a complete path name.
     * <p>
     * The call <code>System.load(name)</code> is effectively equivalent
     * to the call:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * Runtime.getRuntime().load(name)
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @param      filename   the file to load.
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *             <code>checkLink</code> method doesn''t allow
     *             loading of the specified dynamic library
     * @exception  UnsatisfiedLinkError  if the file does not exist.
     * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>filename</code> is
     *             <code>null</code>
     * @see        java.lang.Runtime#load(java.lang.String)
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkLink(java.lang.String)
     */
    public static void load(String filename) {
        Runtime.getRuntime().load0(getCallerClass(), filename);
    }

    /**
     * Loads the system library specified by the <code>libname</code>
     * argument. The manner in which a library name is mapped to the
     * actual system library is system dependent.
     * <p>
     * The call <code>System.loadLibrary(name)</code> is effectively
     * equivalent to the call
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * Runtime.getRuntime().loadLibrary(name)
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @param      libname   the name of the library.
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *             <code>checkLink</code> method doesn''t allow
     *             loading of the specified dynamic library
     * @exception  UnsatisfiedLinkError  if the library does not exist.
     * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>libname</code> is
     *             <code>null</code>
     * @see        java.lang.Runtime#loadLibrary(java.lang.String)
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkLink(java.lang.String)
     */
    public static void loadLibrary(String libname) {
        Runtime.getRuntime().loadLibrary0(getCallerClass(), libname);
    }

    /**
     * Maps a library name into a platform-specific string representing
     * a native library.
     *
     * @param      libname the name of the library.
     * @return     a platform-dependent native library name.
     * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>libname</code> is
     *             <code>null</code>
     * @see        java.lang.System#loadLibrary(java.lang.String)
     * @see        java.lang.ClassLoader#findLibrary(java.lang.String)
     * @since      1.2
     */
    public static native String mapLibraryName(String libname);

    /**
     * The following two methods exist because in, out, and err must be
     * initialized to null.  The compiler, however, cannot be permitted to
     * inline access to them, since they are later set to more sensible values
     * by initializeSystemClass().
     */
    private static InputStream nullInputStream() throws NullPointerException {
        if (currentTimeMillis() > 0) {
            return null;
        }
        throw new NullPointerException();
    }

    private static PrintStream nullPrintStream() throws NullPointerException {
        if (currentTimeMillis() > 0) {
            return null;
        }
        throw new NullPointerException();
    }

    /**
     * Initialize the system class.  Called after thread initialization.
     */
    private static void initializeSystemClass() {
        props = new Properties();
        initProperties(props);
        sun.misc.Version.init();

        // Workaround until DownloadManager initialization is revisited.
        // Make JavaLangAccess available early enough for internal
        // Shutdown hooks to be registered
        setJavaLangAccess();

        // Gets and removes system properties that configure the Integer
        // cache used to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing.
        // At this time, the size of the cache may be controlled by the
        // vm option -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>.
        Integer.getAndRemoveCacheProperties();

        // Load the zip library now in order to keep java.util.zip.ZipFile
        // from trying to use itself to load this library later.
        loadLibrary("zip");

        FileInputStream fdIn = new FileInputStream(FileDescriptor.in);
        FileOutputStream fdOut = new FileOutputStream(FileDescriptor.out);
        FileOutputStream fdErr = new FileOutputStream(FileDescriptor.err);
        setIn0(new BufferedInputStream(fdIn));
        setOut0(new PrintStream(new BufferedOutputStream(fdOut, 128), true));
        setErr0(new PrintStream(new BufferedOutputStream(fdErr, 128), true));

        // Setup Java signal handlers for HUP, TERM, and INT (where available).
        Terminator.setup();

        // Initialize any miscellenous operating system settings that need to be
        // set for the class libraries. Currently this is no-op everywhere except
        // for Windows where the process-wide error mode is set before the java.io
        // classes are used.
        sun.misc.VM.initializeOSEnvironment();

        // Set the maximum amount of direct memory.  This value is controlled
        // by the vm option -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=<size>.  This method acts
        // as an initializer only if it is called before sun.misc.VM.booted().
        sun.misc.VM.maxDirectMemory();

        // Set a boolean to determine whether ClassLoader.loadClass accepts
        // array syntax.  This value is controlled by the system property
        // "sun.lang.ClassLoader.allowArraySyntax".  This method acts as
        // an initializer only if it is called before sun.misc.VM.booted().
        sun.misc.VM.allowArraySyntax();

        // Subsystems that are invoked during initialization can invoke
        // sun.misc.VM.isBooted() in order to avoid doing things that should
        // wait until the application class loader has been set up.
        sun.misc.VM.booted();

        // The main thread is not added to its thread group in the same
        // way as other threads; we must do it ourselves here.
        Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
        current.getThreadGroup().add(current);
    }

    private static void setJavaLangAccess() {
        // Allow privileged classes outside of java.lang
        sun.misc.SharedSecrets.setJavaLangAccess(new sun.misc.JavaLangAccess(){
            public sun.reflect.ConstantPool getConstantPool(Class klass) {
                return klass.getConstantPool();
            }
            public void setAnnotationType(Class klass, AnnotationType type) {
                klass.setAnnotationType(type);
            }
            public AnnotationType getAnnotationType(Class klass) {
                return klass.getAnnotationType();
            }
            public <E extends Enum<E>>
                    E[] getEnumConstantsShared(Class<E> klass) {
                return klass.getEnumConstantsShared();
            }
            public void blockedOn(Thread t, Interruptible b) {
                t.blockedOn(b);
            }
            public void registerShutdownHook(int slot, Runnable r) {
                Shutdown.add(slot, r);
            }
        });
    }

    /* returns the class of the caller. */
    static Class getCallerClass() {
        // NOTE use of more generic Reflection.getCallerClass()
        return Reflection.getCallerClass(3);
    }
}

        '
].
    Transcript showCR: 'java.lang.System parsed in ', time asString, ' miliseconds'.
    ^ res.

    "Modified: / 30-12-2010 / 11:40:03 / Jan Kurs <kurs.jan@post.cz>"
! !

!JavaParserTests class methodsFor:'documentation'!

version_SVN
    ^ '$Id: JavaParserTests.st,v 1.1 2011-08-18 19:06:53 vrany Exp $'
! !