"

 COPYRIGHT (c) 1993 by Claus Gittinger

	      All Rights Reserved

 This software is furnished under a license and may be used

 only in accordance with the terms of that license and with the

 inclusion of the above copyright notice.   This software may not

 be provided or otherwise made available to, or used by, any

 other person.  No title to or ownership of the software is

 hereby transferred.

"

'From Smalltalk/X, Version:3.2.1 on 19-oct-1997 at 5:19:15 pm'                  !

Image subclass:#Depth8Image

	instanceVariableNames:''

	classVariableNames:''

	poolDictionaries:''

	category:'Graphics-Images'

!

!Depth8Image class methodsFor:'documentation'!

copyright

"

 COPYRIGHT (c) 1993 by Claus Gittinger

	      All Rights Reserved

 This software is furnished under a license and may be used

 only in accordance with the terms of that license and with the

 inclusion of the above copyright notice.   This software may not

 be provided or otherwise made available to, or used by, any

 other person.  No title to or ownership of the software is

 hereby transferred.

"

!

documentation

"

    this class represents 256-color (8 bit / pixel) images (palette, greyscale ...).

    It mainly consists of methods already implemented in Image,

    reimplemented here for more performance.

    [author:]

        Claus Gittinger

    [see also:]

        Depth1Image Depth2Image Depth4Image Depth16Image Depth24Image

        ImageReader

"

! !

!Depth8Image class methodsFor:'queries'!

imageDepth

    "return the depth of images represented by instances of

     this class - here we return 8"

    ^ 8

    "Modified: 20.4.1996 / 23:40:22 / cg"

! !

!Depth8Image methodsFor:'accessing - pixels'!

colorAtX:x y:y

    "retrieve a pixel at x/y; return a color.

     Pixels start at x=0 , y=0 for upper left pixel, end at

     x = width-1, y=height-1 for lower right pixel"

    |value "{ Class: SmallInteger }"

     index "{ Class: SmallInteger }"|

    index := (width * y) + 1 + x.

    value := bytes at:index.

    photometric == #whiteIs0 ifTrue:[

        ^ Color gray:100 - (100 / 255 * value)

    ].

    photometric == #blackIs0 ifTrue:[

        ^ Color gray:(100 / 255 * value)

    ].

    photometric ~~ #palette ifTrue:[

        ^ self colorFromValue:value

    ].

    index := value + 1.

    ^ colorMap at:index

    "Modified: 8.6.1996 / 10:52:48 / cg"

    "Created: 24.4.1997 / 17:33:58 / cg"

!

pixelAtX:x y:y

    "retrieve a pixel at x/y; return a pixelValue.

     Pixels start at x=0 , y=0 for upper left pixel, end at

     x = width-1, y=height-1 for lower right pixel"

    |index "{ Class: SmallInteger }"|

%{  /* NOCONTEXT */

    OBJ b = _INST(bytes);

    OBJ w = _INST(width);

    if (__isByteArray(b) 

     && __bothSmallInteger(x, y) 

     && __isSmallInteger(w) ) {

        int _idx, _pix;

        _idx = (__intVal(w) * __intVal(y)) + __intVal(x);

        if ((unsigned)_idx < __byteArraySize(b)) {

            _pix = _ByteArrayInstPtr(b)->ba_element[_idx];

            RETURN( __MKSMALLINT(_pix) );

        }

    }

%}.

    "/ should not be reached ...

    index := (width * y) + 1 + x.

    ^ bytes at:index.

!

pixelAtX:x y:y put:aPixelValue

    "set the pixel at x/y to aPixelValue.

     Pixels start at x=0 , y=0 for upper left pixel, end at

     x = width-1, y=height-1 for lower right pixel"

    |index "{ Class: SmallInteger }"|

%{  /* NOCONTEXT */

    OBJ b = _INST(bytes);

    OBJ w = _INST(width);

    if (__isByteArray(b) 

     && __bothSmallInteger(x, y) 

     && __bothSmallInteger(w, aPixelValue) ) {

        int _idx;

        _idx = (__intVal(w) * __intVal(y)) + __intVal(x);

        if ((unsigned)_idx < __byteArraySize(b)) {

            _ByteArrayInstPtr(b)->ba_element[_idx] = __intVal(aPixelValue);

            RETURN( self );

        }

    }

%}.

    "/ should not be reached ...

    index := (width * y) + 1 + x.

    bytes at:index put:aPixelValue.

!

rowAt:rowIndex into:aPixelBuffer startingAt:startIndex

    "fill aPixelBuffer with pixel values from a single row.

     Notice: row indexing starts at 0."

    |srcIdx|

    srcIdx := (rowIndex * width) + 1.

    aPixelBuffer replaceFrom:startIndex to:startIndex+width-1 with:bytes startingAt:srcIdx

    "Modified: 24.4.1997 / 15:47:22 / cg"

!

rowAt:rowIndex putAll:pixelArray

    "replace a single rows bits from bits in the argument;

     Notice: row indexing starts at 0."

    |dstIdx|

    dstIdx := (rowIndex*width) + 1.

    bytes replaceFrom:dstIdx to:dstIdx+width-1 with:pixelArray startingAt:1.

    ^ pixelArray

    "Modified: 24.4.1997 / 14:34:23 / cg"

!

rowAt:rowIndex putAll:pixelArray startingAt:startIndex

    "store a single rows bits from bits in the pixelArray argument;

     Return the pixelArray.

     Notice: row indexing starts at 0."

    |dstIdx|

    dstIdx := (rowIndex * width) + 1.

    bytes replaceFrom:dstIdx to:dstIdx+width-1 with:pixelArray startingAt:startIndex.

    ^ pixelArray

    "Created: 24.4.1997 / 15:49:42 / cg"

! !

!Depth8Image methodsFor:'converting'!

anyImageAsPseudoFormOn:aDevice

    "return a pseudoForm from the palette picture. 

     The main work is in color reduction, when not all colors can be aquired.

     This method works for any photometric."

    |pseudoBits f gcRound has8BitImage deviceDepth

     imgMap newImage pixelRow dColors

     usedColors usageCounts maxIndex map

     fit scale lastOK error 

     div 

     bitsPerRGB "{Class: SmallInteger }"

     shift      "{Class: SmallInteger }"

     m          "{Class: SmallInteger }" 

     cube nR nG nB ditherColors|

    (cube := aDevice fixColors) notNil ifTrue:[

        nR := aDevice numFixRed.

        nG := aDevice numFixGreen.

        nB := aDevice numFixBlue.

        DitherAlgorithm == #floydSteinberg ifTrue:[

            f := self

                   asFloydSteinbergDitheredDepth8FormOn:aDevice 

                   colors:cube 

                   nRed:nR

                   nGreen:nG

                   nBlue:nB.

        ] ifFalse:[

            f := self

                   asNearestPaintDepth8FormOn:aDevice 

                   colors:cube 

                   nRed:nR

                   nGreen:nG

                   nBlue:nB.

        ].

        f notNil ifTrue:[^ f].

    ].

    "find used colors"

    usedColors := bytes usedValues.    "gets us an array filled with used values"

                                       "(could use bytes asBag)"

    maxIndex := usedColors max + 1.

    usedColors size > 20 ifTrue:[

        ('Depth8Image [info]: allocating ' , usedColors size printString , ' colors ...') infoPrintCR.

    ].

    "sort by usage"

    usageCounts := bytes usageCounts.

    usageCounts := usedColors asArray collect:[:clr | usageCounts at:(clr + 1)].

    usageCounts sort:[:a :b | a > b] with:usedColors.

    "allocate the colors (in order of usage count)"

    imgMap := Array new:maxIndex.

    "

     first, try to get the exact colors ...

    "

    bitsPerRGB := aDevice bitsPerRGB.

    shift := (8 - bitsPerRGB) negated.

    m := (1 bitShift:bitsPerRGB) - 1.

    div := m asFloat.

    fit := true.

    scale := 100.0 / div.       "to scale 0..255 into 0.0 .. 100.0"

    lastOK := 0.

    gcRound := 0.

    usedColors do:[:aColorIndex |

        |devColor color

         r        "{Class: SmallInteger }"

         g        "{Class: SmallInteger }"

         b        "{Class: SmallInteger }"

         mapIndex "{Class: SmallInteger }"|

        fit ifTrue:[

            mapIndex := aColorIndex + 1.

            "/ color := colorMap at:mapIndex.

            color := self colorFromValue:aColorIndex. 

            (color colorId notNil 

            and:[color graphicsDevice == aDevice]) ifTrue:[

                "wow - an immediate hit"

                devColor := color

            ] ifFalse:[

                devColor := color exactOn:aDevice.

                devColor isNil ifTrue:[

                    "

                     could not allocate color - on the first round, do a GC to flush 

                     unused colors - this may help if some colors where locked by 

                     already free images.

                    "

                    gcRound == 0 ifTrue:[

                        ObjectMemory scavenge; finalize.

                        devColor := color exactOn:aDevice.

                        gcRound := 1

                    ].

                    devColor isNil ifTrue:[

                        gcRound == 1 ifTrue:[

                            CollectGarbageWhenRunningOutOfColors ifTrue:[

                                'Depth8Image [info]: force GC for possible color reclamation.' infoPrintCR.

                                ObjectMemory incrementalGC; finalize.

                                devColor := color exactOn:aDevice.

                            ].    

                            gcRound := 2

                        ]

                    ]

                ].

            ].

            (devColor notNil and:[devColor colorId notNil]) ifTrue:[

                imgMap at:mapIndex put:devColor.

                lastOK := lastOK + 1.

            ] ifFalse:[

                fit := false

            ]

        ]

    ].

    fit ifFalse:[

        ('Depth8Image [info]: got %1 exact colors (out of %2)' bindWith:lastOK with:usedColors size) infoPrintCR.

        DitherAlgorithm == #floydSteinberg ifTrue:[

            dColors := imgMap collect:[:clr | clr isNil ifTrue:[clr]

                                                        ifFalse:[clr nearestOn:aDevice]].

            dColors := dColors select:[:clr | clr notNil].

            dColors := dColors collect:[:clr | clr exactOn:aDevice].

            dColors := dColors select:[:clr | clr notNil].

            dColors := dColors asSet.

            dColors addAll:((aDevice colorMap collect:[:c|c onDevice:aDevice])

                            select:[:c | c colorId notNil]).

            ditherColors := aDevice availableDitherColors.

            ditherColors notNil ifTrue:[

                dColors addAll:ditherColors.

            ].

            dColors := dColors asArray.

            dColors size > 256 ifTrue:[

                dColors := dColors copyTo:256

            ].

            ^ self asFloydSteinbergDitheredPseudoFormUsing:dColors on:aDevice

        ].

        "

         again, this time allow wrong colors (loop while increasing allowed error)

        "

        error := 1.

        [fit] whileFalse:[

            fit := true.

            usedColors from:(lastOK+1) to:(usedColors size) do:[:aColorIndex |

                |devColor color

                 r        "{Class: SmallInteger }"

                 g        "{Class: SmallInteger }"

                 b        "{Class: SmallInteger }"

                 mapIndex "{Class: SmallInteger }"

                 rMask    "{Class: SmallInteger }"

                 gMask    "{Class: SmallInteger }"

                 bMask    "{Class: SmallInteger }"|

                fit ifTrue:[

                    gMask := bMask := rMask := m.

                    mapIndex := aColorIndex + 1.

                    "/ color := colorMap at:mapIndex.

                    color := self colorFromValue:aColorIndex. 

                    r := (color red * 255 / 100.0) rounded.

                    g := (color green * 255 / 100.0) rounded.

                    b := (color blue * 255 / 100.0) rounded.

                    color := Color red:((r bitShift:shift) bitAnd:rMask) * scale

                                 green:((g bitShift:shift) bitAnd:gMask) * scale

                                  blue:((b bitShift:shift) bitAnd:bMask) * scale.

                    (color colorId notNil 

                    and:[color graphicsDevice == aDevice]) ifTrue:[

                        "wow - an immediate hit"

                        devColor := color.

                    ] ifFalse:[

                        devColor := color nearestOn:aDevice.

                        (devColor notNil and:[(devColor deltaFrom:color) > error]) ifTrue:[

                            devColor := nil

                        ].

                        devColor isNil ifTrue:[

                            "

                             no free color - on the first round, do a GC to flush unused

                             colors - this may help if some colors where locked by already

                             free images.

                            "

                            gcRound == 0 ifTrue:[

                                ObjectMemory scavenge; finalize.

                                devColor := color nearestOn:aDevice.

                                (devColor notNil and:[(devColor deltaFrom:color) > error]) ifTrue:[

                                    devColor := nil

                                ].

                                gcRound := 1

                            ].

                            devColor isNil ifTrue:[

                                gcRound == 1 ifTrue:[

                                    CollectGarbageWhenRunningOutOfColors ifTrue:[

                                        'Depth8Image [info]: force GC for possible color reclamation.' infoPrintCR.

                                        ObjectMemory incrementalGC; finalize.

                                        devColor := color nearestOn:aDevice.

                                        (devColor notNil and:[(devColor deltaFrom:color) > error]) ifTrue:[

                                            devColor := nil

                                        ].

                                    ].

                                    gcRound := 2

                                ]

                            ]

                        ].

                    ].

                    (devColor notNil and:[devColor colorId notNil]) ifTrue:[

                        imgMap at:mapIndex put:devColor.

                        lastOK := lastOK + 1.

                    ] ifFalse:[

                        fit := false

                    ]

                ].

            ].

            fit ifTrue:[

                ('Depth8Image [info]: remaining colors with error <= %1' bindWith:error) infoPrintCR.

            ].

            error := error * 2.

            error > 100 ifTrue:[

                "

                 break out, if the error becomes too big.

                "

                'Depth8Image [info]: hard color allocation problem - revert to b&w for remaining colors' infoPrintCR.

                "

                 map to b&w as a last fallback.

                 (should really do a dither here)

                "

                usedColors from:(lastOK+1) to:(usedColors size) do:[:aColorIndex |

                    |color

                     mapIndex "{ Class: SmallInteger }"|

                    mapIndex := aColorIndex + 1.

                    "/ color := colorMap at:mapIndex.

                    color := self colorFromValue:aColorIndex. 

                    color brightness > 0.4 ifTrue:[

                        color := Color white.

                    ] ifFalse:[

                        color := Color black.

                    ].

                    imgMap at:mapIndex put:(color on:aDevice).

                ].

                fit := true.

            ]

        ].

        error > 10 ifTrue:[

            'Depth8Image [info]: not enough colors for a reasonable image' infoPrintCR

        ] ifFalse:[

            'Depth8Image [info]: not enough colors for exact picture' infoPrintCR.

        ]

    ].

    "

     create translation map (from image colors to allocated colorIds)

    "

    map := ByteArray new:256.

    1 to:imgMap size do:[:i |

        |clr|

        (clr := imgMap at:i) notNil ifTrue:[

            map at:i put:clr colorId

        ]

    ].

    "

     does the device support 8-bit images ?

    "

    deviceDepth := aDevice depth.

    deviceDepth == 8 ifTrue:[

        has8BitImage := true.

    ] ifFalse:[

        has8BitImage := false.

        aDevice supportedImageFormats do:[:fmt |

            (fmt at:#bitsPerPixel) == 8 ifTrue:[

                has8BitImage := true.

            ]

        ]

    ].

    "

     finally, create a form on the device and copy (& translate)

     the pixel values

    "

    has8BitImage ifTrue:[

        pseudoBits := ByteArray uninitializedNew:(width * height).

        bytes expandPixels:8         "xlate only"

                    width:width 

                   height:height

                     into:pseudoBits

                  mapping:map.

        map := nil.